The activities of our country in the Antarctic and the Arctic are increasing day by day. Participation in the affairs of the Antarctic and the Arctic, and striving for the use of polar resources has become important measures for the future development of our country. Climate change is accelerating the melting of polar ice so that the time window for navigation in polar regions is getting longer and louger, especially in the Arctic Ocean, and activities demanding the utilization of polar resources and scientific research are increasing. However, at present, the quantity of merchant vessels of high ice classes that can be used in polar navigation is not sufficient, especially in the Arctic, and there is shortage in land-based support ability to support the development of our country's polar industry and commercial shipping operations. On the basis of a global analysis, this paper concludes that our country is deficient in the number of vessels with high ice classes, weak at technical capacity in constructing ice class vessels, and lack of facilities of polar ports. It puts forward some strategic suggestions for building the capacity of polar shipping in China, providing a reference for the construction of our country's high ice class flotilla, icebreaker team and polar land-based shipping support.