In view of global change and disaster increase, it is necessary to study the characteristics and influencing factors of climate disasters during the historical period. In this paper, the drought and flood index series of Guangdong from 16441911 was established. A sliding t-test was used to determine the mutation points and Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition was used to analyze the periodicity of the sequence on different timescales. Cross-wavelet analysis was used to explore the relative of sunspots and the East Asian summer monsoon with the change of drought and flood in Guangdong.The results show that the drought and flood index of Guangdong in the Qing Dynasty is generally stable, showing a marked increase, then a decrease, and then a slight increase.Drought and flood index sequence has multiple transition points and has interannual scale periods of 4.2 a and 7.8 a, interdecadal scale periods of 11.6 a, 15.2 a, 36.5 a and 70.1 a and century scale period of about 130.3 a. It is found that the periods of drought and flood in Guangdong are close to those of sunspots and East Asian monsoon. So the influence of sunspots activity and East Asian summer monsoon on the variation of drought and flood in Guangdong was mainly discussed by cross-wavelet analysis. It is found that the sequence of drought and flood index in Guangdong has strong cohesive resonance periods at 0~6 a, 7~8 a, 11~16 a and other time scales with the sunspots relative number sequence, and also has strong cohesive resonance cycle with the sequence of the East Asian summer monsoon at multiple time scales such as 4~8 a and 25~45 a.