To explore the temporal and spatial dynamics of carbon footprint and analysis the sustainability of wheat production in China. A study was conducted to assess the carbon footprint (CF) and sustainability index of wheat production in China using statistical data from 2005 - 2014. The result showed that wheat field was a sink of carbon. Among the inventories, the input of fertilizer emitted the most greenhouse gases (GHGs) of wheat production occupied about 55.25% -64.77% of the total CF. Additionally, significant increases in net carbon sequestration and sustainability index were observed with increases in wheat production from 2005 to 2014. Furthermore net carbon sequestration,CF per area, and sustainability index could be enhanced by 3. 56 * 10~7 t (R~2 = 0. 663, P<0.01) 434.2 kg/hm~2 (R~2 = 0. 328,P<0. 05) and 0. 50 (R~2 = 0. 949, P<0. 01) respectively when wheat production increased every 1 000 kg. Therefore,improving wheat production could promote the carbon sink capacity of wheat filed. Obvious spatial differences of sustainability index in China indicated a rising trend in Hebei,Anhui,Hubei and Shanxi provinces,and a moderating trend in Heilongjiang, Xinjiang, Yunnan. The environmental impacts from GHG emission on wheat production were alleviated recent years. Strategies were put forwarded to enhance soil fertility and sustaining agriculture in wheat production, including proper use of agricultural materials (i. e., irrigation and chemical fertilizer inputs) for wheat production in China,which could make a certain contribution to energy saving and emission reduction, and consequently enhance sustainability and mitigate climate change.