This paper used the Window Malmquist index method,using the panel data of 1978 - 2013 on 31 provinces in China,to measure the agricultural productivity from the climate change perspective.And then,this paper divided all samples in different groups to make a deep analysis.As the research results,this paper found:Firstly,the traditional agricultural productivity was over-evaluated and it must consider the influence of climate change.Climate change could make the agricultural productivity more stable.Secondly,sunlight and precipitation drove the agricultural productivity in western China.During 1978 - 2013,climate change had a negative effect on Central China.Thirdly,technical efficiency and technical progress could have a crucial role in agricultural productivity under climate change view.At last,in different policy period,climate change had different effect on agricultural productivity.Refer to the conclusion,this paper gave the policy suggestions.