In order to study the index system of soybean production in Heilongjiang provience under the background of climate change,we collected the observational information of soybean growth stages of 26 agrometeorological stations in Heilongjiang province from 1981 to 2016,as well as meteorological data in the corresponding period. By the method of standard normal distribution test,the possibility of less than 80% as the bound of optimal indices were designed. 5 regions were classified in Heilongjiang area by the climate characteristics and requirements to the agrometeorological service. The indices contained monthly optimal indices of 5 regions and optimal indices for critical growth stages of soybean. To understand indices for growth stages, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different sowing date on agronomic traits and yield of soybean. It was concluded that: The changes of monthly optimal temperature and water requirement indices were similar. The indices of monthly optimal temperature and water requirement in July were maximum,and those indices in May and September were minimum. The indices of monthly optimal sunshine hours in May were maximum,and in September were minimum. The indices of monthly optimal temperature were minimum in northern region. The indices of monthly optimal water requirement were maximum in western region. However,the indices of monthly sunshine hours were generally lower than those indices in other regions. Comparison with the indices in different growth stages,the indices of optimal temperature were maximum in podding stage,the next were flowering stage and grain filling stage,and the last were seeding stage and maturing stage. The indices of optimal water requirement were maximum in flowering stage,the following was seed filling stage,and the least was seeding stage. The optimal sunshine hours was the highest at maturing stage,and the lowest at podding stage followed by flowering stage. The results of the experiment indicated that when the meteorological indices of the sowing date accordance with the optimal meteorological indices,the yield of soybean was the highest.