Background, aim, and scope Qinling Mountains is not only the boundary of climate, vegetation, soil type between the south and north China, but also the Natural Chinese medicine library and Biological gene bank of the world, so which is regard as Chinese Dragon Pulse. In the new era of ecological civilization construction as the main melody, there was still many chaotic phenomena at the north and south of the Qinling Mountains because of disorderly development and illegal construction of villas, which goes against the construction of ecological civilization. Therefore, how to protect the Qinling Mountains and promote the ecological civilization construction of the Qinling Mountains has extraordinary significance. Materials and methods Analysis the history of human society development and the history of science and technology, taking inductive method and clarified the solve key problems in each stage of primitive civilization, agricultural civilization, industrial civilization and ecological civilization, and then conclusion the symbol and connotation of civilization, and the relationship between man and nature for each civilization. Results (1) Invention fire and its application was an outstanding symbol in period of primitive civilization, which changed the food structure and improved the nutrition of human being. The main relationship of human and nature was merely adaption to nature change. (2) Invention iron tool and application agricultural practice was a significant symbol which improved production efficiency in period of agricultural civilization. Crops have been planted and domestic animals have been bred by humanity, and nutrition structure of human being has been further improved. The characters of relationship of human and nature was change and adaption nature. (3) At period of industrial civilization, the production efficiency has been greatly improved due to many new technologies has been found and application in all society, which resulted in extremely rich in food, wear, live and extremely convenient in traffic. The main relationship of human and nature was purely change nature as people-centered. (4) The 18th CPC National Congress was signed as beginning of ecological civilization of human society, which emphasizes harmonious development on economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress. The main relationship of human and nature was purely change nature under respect for the laws of nature. Discussion Qinling Mountains has many ecological functions such as water conservation, environmental purification, biodiversity conservation, biological carbon sequestration and climate regulation, etc. because of the climate and vegetation boundary. The Qinling ecological civilization construction has very important significance. Therefore, ecological civilization must improve the ideological awareness and consistently insist on the ecological civilization thoughts of XI Jinping, must improve the political position in action and maintaining a high degree of consistency with the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, must respect the scientific rules, scientific planning and cooperate propulsion. Conclusions Ecological structure is system engineering, the target should focus on conservation of water, and soil, atmospheric environment and vegetation and biodiversity, and comprehensive reduce influence of industrial and agricultural activities, resource development, domestic discharge etc. on eco-environment of Qinling Mountains. Recommendations and perspectives The paper provides a significant scientific thought for ecological civilization construction of coordinated propulsion at Qinling Mountains.