Background, aim, and scope Groundwater is an important water resources and a significant factor in maintaining regional environmental health and ecological balance. The combined effect of human activities and climate change has led to changes in the groundwater environment that inevitably have a corresponding impact on groundwater dependent ecosystems. Therefore, an accurate analysis of the dynamic characteristics of groundwater has important practical significance for making rational strategies of groundwater exploitation, the protection of ecological balance and the sustainable development of society and economy. The hypsometric integral is a quantitative index to study the relationship between the horizontal cross-sectional area and its elevation, which is a kind of the quantitative analysis to reflect the status and erosion trend of the geomorphology. It is widely used in the research of geomorphic evolution, evaluation of lithology and tectonics, hydrological characteristics analysis of drainage basin. From the perspective of spatial data model representation of ground objects, both the shallow groundwater surface and the drainage basin topography surface can be described by digital elevation model and have the same mathematical basis for the hypsometric integral analysis. By analyzing the variation characteristics of groundwater surface, the hypsometric integral analysis provides an applicable method for studying groundwater dynamics. Jinghuiqu irrigation district is an important food and vegetable production base in Shaanxi Province where residents mainly rely on groundwater. In recent years, the groundwater level and storage in the region has been impacted by industrial and agricultural activities.