Affected by global warming, extreme heat has become a serious climate disaster in the recent years. Human health, ecological environment, and socioeconomic development have all been affected by heat waves to varying degrees. This study describes the selection of risk factors for heat wave risk assessment and the method of model construction in the recent years. According to the existing literature, we sorted out the basic steps of risk identification and assessment of heat waves. Then we discussed the framework of heat wave risk assessment. The spatial assessment system, which can be used to construct heat wave risk in the future, was proposed. This space system was based on remote sensing technology. The exposure of hazard-bearing body,the hazard of disaster, the vulnerability of pregnant environment and the comprehensive prevention capability of the region should be combined to build a comprehensive evaluation system. Moreover, the selection of evaluation factors was discussed. Based on the literature, we compared various methods for determining the weight of each indicator, such as the graph stacking method, subjective weighting methods, objective weighting methods, and subjective-objective combined weighting methods. We discussed the merits and demerits of each approach. Through comparing the methods, stacking method combined with H-AHP, stood out with its simple addition and subtraction or the multiplication and division, and can be used in the construction of comprehensive evaluation models. And the TOPSIS method, which determines the relative merits of the object based on the distance between the evaluation object and the ideal target,will be the optimal choice for multi-city heat wave risk rating in the future.We provided a reference for constructing a reasonable heat wave disaster risk assessment system in the future. This paper was intended to serve as a basis for further understanding the heat wave hazard and establishing the monitoring, evaluation, and reporting system, as well as for further fostering the establishment of a heat wave disaster warning system in the future.