Under the combined impacts of climate change and human activities, water resources, environment and ecological problems of China's rivers and lakes interweave and overlap. As the largest freshwater lake in China, the Poyang Lake region and its five major tributaries are facing serious problems, including the reduction of water quantity, soil erosion, shoreline shrinkage and deterioration of aquatic habitat, whereas the current research level and key technologies cannot meet the requirements of ecological priority and green high-quality development. How to integrate resources, ecology, environment and other constraints into water conservancy project planning, construction and operation, clarify the impact of water conservancy projects on the ecological environment of rivers and lakes and the evolution trend of ecosystems under this influence, put forward technical measures to mitigate their effects, and meet the needs of human society and health to water ecosystem, are the forefront and hot issues of current ecological water conservancy theory system research and key technology research and development, but also the inevitable requirements of promoting the construction of national ecological civilization and the implementation of the Yangtze River protection. Aiming at the above problems, the characteristic factors of ecological water conservancy in the Poyang Lake region and its five major tributaries and its response mechanism to the development and utilization were distinguished and analyzed; the technical system of integrated ecological water conservancy for the land, bank and water was studied and developed; the integrated management technology and planning design scheme of ecological water conservancy were put forward and engineering demonstration was carried out, and the construction mode and monitoring and evaluation system of river and lake ecological water conservancy were constructed. Through the research of multi-disciplinary intersection, point combination, theory and practice, the interreaction mechanism of the characteristic factors of ecological water conservancy in rivers and lakes was revealed, and the monitoring and evaluation index system of coupling engineering, resources, environment and ecology was put forward to realize the theoretical innovation; a series of key technologies for agricultural water-saving pollution control and soil protection in red soil hilly and dry slopes and key technologies for hydraulic engineering assisted repair of damaged aquatic habitats were developed to realize technological innovation; solutions for comprehensive controlling system of river and lake ecological water conservancy were proposed, including planning guidelines, design guidelines, governance techniques, monitoring indicators, evaluation methods and construction models, to achieve integrated innovation.