Net Primary Productivity (NPP) is an important indicator reflecting the response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change. Zhalong Wetland is a typical representative of the wetland ecosystems which are sensitive to global climate change. So in this paper, Zhalong Wetland was chosen as the research area. And the analysis of its spatio-temporal pattern of NPP and response to the change of meteorological factors would provide references for studying the response process and driving mechanism of wetland carbon cycle under the background of climate change. Based on remote sensing and meteorological data, and by using Geo-Detector and platforms of GIS and RS, we estimated the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of vegetation NPP and explored the spatial heterogeneity and the effect of meteorological factors on its dynamic evolution from 2000 to 2017. The results showed as follows. The annual average of vegetation NPP in Zhalong Wetland was 478.30 g·m~(-2)·a~(-1) (by C,the same below), which was 483.33 g·m~(-2)·a~(-1) in watery meadow, 485.99 g·m~(-2)·a~(-1) in waterless meadow and 448.70 g·m~(-2)·a~(-1) in crop. NPP of watery meadow and crop showed an increasing trend. The average value of NPP in the core area was the highest (513.75 g·m~(-2)·a~(-1)), and was the lowest in the test area (422.80 g·m~(-2)·a~(-1)). The whole influence of water factors on vegetation NPP was greater than that of temperature factors. The descending order of dependence on moisture was waterless meadow, crop and watery meadow, and that on temperature was waterless meadow, watery meadow and crop. The interaction effect of meteorological factors on dynamic change of natural vegetation NPP was significantly greater than that of crops. From April to October, the contribution rate of the synergistic effect of the EI and annual mean temperature on dynamic change of NPP in waterless meadow was 37.85%, while the contribution rate of diurnal temperature range and annual mean temperature on watery meadows was 31.14% and that of annual mean temperature and frost-free period on crop was 29.00%.