Lake Bosten (41°56'~42°14'N,86°40'~ 87°26'E) is located in Xinjiang Province, Northwest China. In order to reconstruct changes of palaeoecological environment and hydrological characteristics of Lake Bosten since late of Early Holocene, a 9.53m-long core (41°56'33"N,86°45'52"E) called BOST2000 was obtained during a drill in 2000 from the lake using Wright piston drill. The whole core was divided into 467 samples based on an interval of 2cm. The chronology was established according to ~(14)C-AMS data of four grass seeds and five leaves from BOST2000 and XBWu46, extending back to about 8500cal.a B.P. The paper launched a investigation from 900cm to 0cm of the core which covered approximately from 8300cal.a B.P. to present. The total samples were analyzed for grain size, n-alkanes were analyzed using 8 samples which derived from 26 ~38cm,160 ~168cm,336 ~ 344cm, 446~454cm,560~568cm, 710~718cm, 820~826cm, and 890~895cm. As the data of stable carbon isotope of bulk sediment organic matter (delta~(13)C_(org.)) were deficient from 900cm to 950cm, we mainly discussed about 0~900cm which contained 439 samples. The data indicated that delta~(13)C_(org.) ranged from -30 to -20. The distribution of n-alkanes was also discussed in the paper, which showed the relative content of higher molecular weight n-alkanes and middle molecular weight n-alkanes were comparatively higher. The delta~(13)C_(org.) and n-alkanes records of BOST2000 core showed five stages : (1) Before 8130cal. a B.P. delta~(13)C_(org.) was relatively light, higher molecular weight n-alkanes (C_(27),C_(29),and C_(31)) which represented woody plants and middle molecular weight n-alkanes (C_(21) ~ C_(25)) which represented aquatic plants were comparatively higher and dominated by higher molecular weight n-alkanes,which indicated that stage was cold and humid; (2) During 8130~6400cal. a B. P. delta~(13)C_(org.) fluctuated frequently between -28 ~ -23. n-alkanes (C_(21) ~ C_(25)) was dominated, which reflected the source of the organic matter was a mixture of terrestrial plants and aquatic plants. Paleocliarnte was warm and wet during 8130 ~6400cal. a B. P. which belonged in the climate optimum in the Holocene. With increasing of precipitation and runoff in the Kaidu River, lake level expanded and overflew ; (3) At the stage of 6400~5500cal.a B.P. middle molecular weight (C_(21) ~C_(25)) n-alkanes were primary,delta~(13)C_(org.) changed periodically from -28 to -25, the comparatively light delta~(13)C_(org.) indicated emergent aquatic plants were dominated and no subemergent plants. It showed paleocliamte was cold and humid, lake-level was high 'for low evaporation and high effective humidity; (4) During 5500~3000cal.a B.P. delta~(13)C_(org.) ranged from -30 to -23, at the scale of 3900 ~3000cal. a B. P. delta~(13)C_(org.) reached a peak to -25, n-alkanes (C_(27), C_(29), and C_(31)) and n-alkanes (C_(21) ~ C_(25)) were in master status. At that stage paleoclimate was in the condition of mildness and dry but fluctuated frequently, especially during 4500cal. a B. P. to 3900cal.a B.P. paleotemperature dropped, which indicated the climate was dry and cold; (5) Since 3000cal.a B.P., delta~(13)C_(org.) was comparatively heavy, which indicated dry climate that had a negative effect on terrestrial plants, middle molecular weight n-alkanes (C_(21) ~C_(25)) were dominated indicated less terrestrial plants similarly. The paleotemperature decreased in this stage, although paleotemperature rose a little during 2300 ~ 1250cal.a B.P.,and from that on, natural environment deteriorated with little terrestrial plants, but aquatic plants were flourishing.