To explore the response of groundwater recharge to climate change,this study takes Ulan Buh Desert as example and reconstructs the history of regional groundwater recharge and the process of climate change in short time scale based on chloride mass balance method through field drilling and ionic analysis.Results show that the groundwater recharge from precipitation was a very small extent.Compared with other records of the surrounding area,it was founded out that groundwater recharge gradually increased from west to east, which reflectd Helan Mountain's blockage against monsoonal airflow to a certain degree.In years of relatively weak monsoon,rainfall recharge in the west side of Helan Mountain was weaker than that on the east side. Climate fluctuated dramatically over the last 600 years,the periods of 1455-1500 AD,1600-1650 AD were relatively arid and the period from the late 18th century to the early19th century was an important time range of environmental evolution.Over a long time since then,the process of aridification further intensified,especially during the period of 1920-1930 AD,the region was extremely arid.This study also examined the differences between rainfall infiltration recharge and its responses to climate change in monsoon marginal belt of desert areas.