globalchange  > 气候变化事实与影响
CSCD记录号: CSCD:6123517
论文题名:
非晶中结构遗传性及描述
其他题名: Inherited structure of amorphous matter
作者: 武振伟1; 李茂枝2; 徐莉梅1; 汪卫华3
刊名: 物理学报
ISSN: 1000-3290
出版年: 2017
卷: 66, 期:17, 页码:176405-1-176405-11
语种: 中文
中文关键词: 非晶态物质 ; 金属玻璃 ; 结构遗传性
英文关键词: amorphous solid ; metallic glass ; inherited structure
WOS学科分类: METALLURGY METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING
WOS研究方向: Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
中文摘要: 非晶态物质广泛存在于人们的日常生活和工业生产活动中,但人们对其原子结构及其结构与性能关系的认识还远不如对晶体材料那样充分.非晶态物质的原子结构不具备空间平移对称性,这使得传统针对晶体材料的实验技术和手段无法直接有效地应用到非晶态物质的结构分析中.用常规的衍射实验数据分析方法并不能直接地观察到非晶态物质的本征结构特征,但这些实验衍射数据往往隐含有极其重要的微观结构信息.本文简要综述了这些衍射数据背后所隐含的与金属玻璃中程序相关的结构信息.研究发现,非晶态物质中的一类隐含序与晶体结构中的球周期序紧密相关,意味着非晶态物质与晶体材料之间在原子结构上存在着非凡的同源性.进一步的研究结果还表明,不同隐含拓扑序之间纠缠的强弱与体系本身的玻璃形成能力存在明显的对应关系,这为衡量金属合金玻璃形成能力强弱的经验规律--混乱原理提供了微观结构上的理解,同时为进一步深入认识和理解非晶态材料衍射数据所隐含的微观结构信息提供了新的分析思路和方法.
英文摘要: The inherent atomic packing mode of glassy solid is still one of the most interesting and fundamental problems in condensed-matter physics and material science. Although significant progress has been made and provided insights into the atomic-level structure and short-to-medium-range order in glass, the way of leading to the medium-range order is still unclear. Does a universal rule exist in nature to construct a glass structure as what has been discovered for crystals? Is there any connection between glassy and crystalline structures? If so, what does the connection look like and how is the connection related to the properties of the glassy solids? A glassy state is usually obtained through supercooling a liquid fast enough to avoid crystallization. The amorphous nature of glassy solid is experimentally ascertained by X-ray diffraction(XRD), transmission electron microscopy or selected area electron diffraction(SAED). Almost all kinds of glassy solids exhibit similar maze-like SAED patterns without any local lattice fringes and broad diffraction maximum characteristics in XRD data. However, the glassy solids are inherently different in atomic-level structure, demonstrated by their different response behaviors under certain conditions, for example, the diverse annealing-precipitated crystallinephases, the distinct mechanical strengths and ductilities, and the different thermal stabilities against crystallization. Unfortunately, such a difference in inherent structure among glassy solids cannot be easily differentiated from a trivial analysis of the experimental diffraction data. However, the diffraction data such as structure factors or pair correlation functions(PCFs) are not as trivial as they look like. On the contrary, some studies have demonstrated that plenty of structural information is hidden behind the data of structure factors or PCFs, for example, global packing containing both spherical-periodic order and local translational symmetry has been revealed by analyzing PCFs of many metallic glasses. A fractal nature of medium-range order in metallic glassis also found by examining the relationships between the first peak positions in structure factors and atomic molar volumes in many metallic glasses. In fact, the oscillation in the structure factor or PCF is an indication that a certain order does exist in amorphous solid. Therefore, a more careful scrutiny of the diffraction data is desired to gain a more in-depth insight into the glassy structure features and find a clue to unveil the natures of the inherent structures in different glasses. In this paper, we briefly review the recent molecular dynamics simulation results that the distinct hidden orders of atomic packing formula in medium range in these pure glassy solids are unveiled to be inherited from bcc order in glassy Fe and fcc order in glassy Ni, respectively, reflecting nontrivial structural homology between glassy and crystalline solids. By analyzing the partial PCFs of three two-component metallic glasses of CuZr, NiAl, and NiCu which are similar but have distinct glass-forming ability via MD simulations, very different hidden orders are observed in each individual system, indicating that the hidden orders are more complex in multicomponent metallic glasses. The different hidden orders in a multicomponent metallic glass may be entangled topologically. More different hidden orders lead to more complex topological entanglement. Further analysis indicates that the formation of the hidden orders during cooling and their topological entanglement produces the geometrical frustration against crystallization and is closely correlated with the glass-forming ability of metallic alloys. A "genetic map" of hidden orders in metallic glass is finally constructed, which provides new insights into the structural properties and structure-property relationships in metallic glass-forming liquids and glasses.
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/157341
Appears in Collections:气候变化事实与影响

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作者单位: 1.北京大学物理学院,量子材料科学中心, 北京 100871, 中国
2.中国人民大学物理系, 北京 100872, 中国
3.中国科学院物理研究所, 北京 100190, 中国

Recommended Citation:
武振伟,李茂枝,徐莉梅,等. 非晶中结构遗传性及描述[J]. 物理学报,2017-01-01,66(17):176405-1-176405-11
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