基于ArcGIS10.3平台对莱州湾南岸中全新世聚落遗址的高程、坡度、坡向、濒河度等指标进行分析,得出该时期聚落遗址的时空分布及演变特征,并结合全新世莱州湾南岸的环境背景,探讨全新世环境演变对聚落遗址分布及演变的影响。研究表明:①全新世莱州湾南岸的聚落遗址数量、出现频率及在总数中的比重基本呈现明显的先增后降的倒V型(非对称)变化趋势。②遗址高程分布具有一定的规律性,几乎所有时期的遗址点均分布于高程范围在0~29 m的地区,而大汶口文化时期遗址高程分布范围为10~29 m。从坡度来看,聚落遗址主要分布于坡度范围在0~4°的平缓地区;从坡向来看,古人大多集中在南向、东南向和西南向的位置。后李文化至龙山文化时期,河流对聚落选址的影响程度逐渐降低。③ 8.5~6.9 ka B.P.气候总体进入温暖期,且冷暖波动,干湿交替,后李文化由此得到发展;6.9~4.5 ka B.P.出现了短暂的降温,但整体较温和,优越的自然条件促进了大汶口文化的发展;4.5~4.0 ka B.P.左右气候条件较大汶口文化时期略干,但在此基础上新石器文化仍得到进一步发展,并于龙山文化时期进入鼎盛阶段;4.0 ka B.P.左右气候突变,出现剧烈降温事件,变化幅度超出了人类的适应能力,岳石文化随之衰落。④海水入侵限制了人类活动,而古湖泊和古河道的形成为古人生活质量的提高创造了天然条件。
英文摘要:
Based on the ArcGIS10.3 platform,the elevation,slope,aspect and the river distance of the Holocene settlement sites in the south bank of Laizhou Bay are analyzed,the temporal-spatial distribution and evolution characteristics of the settlement sites are obtained.Combined with the environmental background in the South Bank of Laizhou Bay,to explore the influence of Holocene environmental evolution on the distribution and evolution of settlement sites.The results show that:1) The quantity,frequency and proportion of the number of settlements in the study area are firstly increasing and then decreasing in a V-type (asymmetric) trend.2) The distribution of the site has a certain regularity,almost all the sites are located in the elevation of the range of 0-29 m in the area,while the Dawenkou culture period is 10-29 m.This difference is closely related to the Huanghua transgression of the middle Holocene.From the slope,the settlement sites are mainly distributed in the range of 0°-4° in the gentle areas;from the aspect,the ancients are mostly concentrated in the direction of south,southeast and southwest.From Houli culture to Longshan culture,the influence of river distance to settlements gradually decreased,and the ability of the ancients to adapt environment gradually increased.3) 8.5-6.9 ka B.P.,the climate goes into warm,and the cold and warm fluctuations,dry and wet alternately,thus Houli culture gets to be developed;6.9-4.5 ka B.P.appears a brief cooling,but the overall more moderate,superior natural conditions promotes the growth of Dawenkou culture;4.5-4.0 ka B.P.,comparied with Dawenkou culture period,climate conditions are slightly drier,but Neolithic culture is still further development,and entering the peak stage in the Longshan culture period;around 4.0 kaBP,the climate suddenly changes and emerges violent cooling events.The range of change exceeds the human adaptation ability,leading to the decline of Longshan culture.4) Seawater intrusion restricts human activities,but the formation of ancient lakes and rivers creates the natural conditions for the improvement of the quality of life for the ancients.