By collecting and sorting the meteorological disasters of historical literature in Ordos Plateau region during the Ming and Qing Dynasty,and analyzing the frequency and periodicity characteristics of the meteorological disasters such as drought,wind and sand,frost and snow,hail and flood by statistical analysis and wavelet transform. The results show that the drought frequency is relatively high in this region during the Ming and Qing Dynasty. All kinds of meteorological disasters tend to increase with time. The phases of frequent meteorological disasters occurrences include from the late fifteenth century to the early sixteenth century,the middle of seventeenth century to the middle of eighteenth century and the early twentieth century. In different time scales, the cycles of meteorological disaster occurrences are 3~9,17~21 and 28~42 years,respectively. The climate of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the Ordos Plateau was divided into two major stages,the warm and wet period was 1368-1659 years,the 1660-1911 year was the cold dry period,the cold dry was the main,and the climate fluctuation of the following level was experienced: warm wet,warm dry,warm wet,cold dry,cold wet, cold dry,respectively. In the period of meteorological disaster outbreak,the environment deteriorated in this area in Ordos Plateau region during the Ming and Qing Dynasty.