DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137524
论文题名: Considering environmental costs of greenhouse gas emissions for setting a CO2 tax: A review
作者: Bachmann T.M.
刊名: Science of the Total Environment
ISSN: 489697
出版年: 2020
卷: 720 语种: 英语
英文关键词: CO2 tax
; Discounting
; Equity weighting
; Marginal abatement costs
; Marginal damage costs
; Social cost of carbon
Scopus关键词: Atmospheric radiation
; Carbon dioxide
; Gas emissions
; Global warming
; Greenhouse gases
; Taxation
; CO2 tax
; Damage costs
; Discounting
; Equity weighting
; Marginal abatement costs
; Social cost of carbon
; Cost benefit analysis
; carbon dioxide
; abatement cost
; carbon dioxide
; cost-benefit analysis
; environmental economics
; future prospect
; greenhouse gas
; literature review
; policy analysis
; policy approach
; policy making
; pollution tax
; carbon footprint
; climate change
; cost
; environmental impact
; environmental monitoring
; evolution
; GlobalWarming Potential
; greenhouse effect
; marginal abatement cost
; marginal damage cost
; policy
; priority journal
; Review
; tax
; time
; Europe
英文摘要: Triggered by the Fridays for Future movement, policy makers increasingly discuss the introduction of a CO2 tax. Determining an adequate CO2 tax level is complicated for political reasons, but even more so for scientific, economic, and ethical reasons. Through a literature review and subsequent analyses, this study explores the influence of methodological choices on greenhouse gas (GHG) environmental costs, focussing on the European context. Two main approaches exist, relying either on marginal damage costs (MDCs; 17 studies considered) or on marginal abatement costs (MACs; five studies considered). Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) quantify the utility losses for individuals, expressed as MDCs. Only seven of the 17 studies examined policy-relevant GHG MDCs applicable to the European context. Current MDCs are either limited in terms of impacts considered (and those that are included are based on dated cause–effect relationships) or rely on Gross Domestic Product (GDP)-based impact functions that disregard, or arbitrarily include, disutility from impacts on non-marketed goods and services, including due to catastrophic events. Therefore, this paper identifies development needs of the IAMs. MACs, in turn, correspond to politically consistent costs to achieve politically set goals, if existing, with no immediate link to the impacts avoided. Depending on the methodological choices made, MDCs and MACs may well span two orders of magnitude. Consensus exists that discounting be conducted at low (social) rates. Primarily moral arguments support the use of equity weighting. Because there are impacts specific to CO2 and CH4 and unrelated to radiative forcing, and because measures differ between GHGs, using global warming potentials (GWPs) for deriving non-CO2 environmental costs from those for CO2 is only a fall-back solution. For a better policy support, MDCs that comprehensively cover climate change impacts and show a high degree of detail should be provided. © 2020 Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/158097
Appears in Collections: 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: European Institute for Energy Research (EIFER) EDF-KIT EWIV, Emmy-Noether Str. 11 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
Recommended Citation:
Bachmann T.M.. Considering environmental costs of greenhouse gas emissions for setting a CO2 tax: A review[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2020-01-01,720