DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103678
论文题名: Quantifying the fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution of a potential commercial manganese nodule mining operation
作者: Heinrich L. ; Koschinsky A. ; Markus T. ; Singh P.
刊名: Marine Policy
ISSN: 0308597X
出版年: 2020
卷: 114 语种: 英语
英文关键词: Deep-sea mining
; Heavy fuel oil
; Impact assessment
; Pollution regulation
; Shipping emissions
Scopus关键词: acidification
; atmospheric pollution
; carbon emission
; fuel consumption
; global warming
; greenhouse gas
; heavy oil
; manganese nodule
; ozone
; pollution control
; quantitative analysis
; shipping
; submarine mining
英文摘要: Manganese nodules contain economically valuable metals which may be mined in the future to supply metals to a growing world population. Thus far, environmental research has focused mainly on impacts occurring at the seafloor or in the water column but largely neglected any impacts caused above the sea surface. Emissions of greenhouse gases and other air pollutants contribute to, inter alia, global warming, acidification and photochemical ozone formation, which all negatively affect ecosystems and humans. We quantify the annual fuel consumption and emissions associated with a potential nodule mining operation in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone with an annual production of 3 million dry tons. We base the assessment on publicly-accessible energy demand estimates from three different studies and complement this with a calculation of the fuel demand and emissions of nodule transport scenarios to three different destinations. The global warming, acidification and photochemical ozone formation potentials range between 82,600–482,000 t CO2-equivalent (-eq.), 1,880–11,197 t SO2-eq., and 1,390–8,734 t NOx-eq., respectively, depending on factors including the engine loads, specific fuel oil consumption and transport speeds. We then discuss the regulatory dimension surrounding the topic. As three separate regimes (climate change, deep-sea mining and shipping) are applicable, we analyze the applicable framework and provide an outlook for the future regulation of DSM-related GHG emissions. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/158519
Appears in Collections: 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: Department of Physics and Earth Sciences Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, Bremen, 28759, Germany; Research Centre for European Environmental Law, Faculty of Law University of Bremen, Universitätsallee, Bremen, 28359, Germany; INTERCOAST International Research Training Group, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM), University of Bremen, Universitätsallee, Bremen, 28359, Germany
Recommended Citation:
Heinrich L.,Koschinsky A.,Markus T.,et al. Quantifying the fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution of a potential commercial manganese nodule mining operation[J]. Marine Policy,2020-01-01,114