DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0127
论文题名: Harnessing employment-based social assistance programmes to scale up nature-based climate action
作者: Norton A. ; Seddon N. ; Agrawal A. ; Shakya C. ; Kaur N. ; Porras I.
刊名: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
ISSN: 9628436
出版年: 2020
卷: 375, 期: 1794 语种: 英语
英文关键词: Climate change
; Ecosystem stewardship
; Social protection
Scopus关键词: biodiversity
; carbon sequestration
; climate change
; environmental planning
; Gross Domestic Product
; livelihood
; social policy
; state role
; vulnerability
; Ethiopia
; India
; Mexico
英文摘要: As the severity of the triple challenges of global inequality, climate change and biodiversity loss becomes clearer, governments and international development institutions must find effective policy instruments to respond.We examine the potential of social assistance policies in this context. Social assistance refers to transfers to poor, vulnerable andmarginalized groups to reduce their vulnerability and livelihood risks, and to enhance their rights and status. Substantial public funds support social assistance programmes globally. Collectively, lower- and middle-income countries spend approximately 1.5% of their GDP on social assistance annually. We focus on the potential of paid employment schemes to promote effective ecosystem stewardship. Available evidence suggests such programmes can offer multiple benefits in terms of improvements in local ecosystems and natural capital, carbon sequestration and local biodiversity conservation. We review evidence from three key case studies: In India (the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme), Ethiopia (the Productive Safety Nets Programme) and Mexico (the Temporary Employment Programme). We conclude that, to realize the potential of employment-based social assistance for ecosystem benefits it will be necessary to address two challenges: First, the weak design and maintenance of local public works outputs in many schemes, and second, the concern that social protection schemes may become less effective if they are overburdened with additional objectives. Overcoming these challenges requires an evolution of institutional systems for delivering social assistance to enable a more effective combination of social and environmental objectives. © 2019 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/158667
Appears in Collections: 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: International Institute for Environment and Development, London, United Kingdom; Nature-based Solutions Initiative, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal
Recommended Citation:
Norton A.,Seddon N.,Agrawal A.,et al. Harnessing employment-based social assistance programmes to scale up nature-based climate action[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences,2020-01-01,375(1794)