carbon 14
; carbon
; Article
; Holocene
; human
; kernel method
; migration
; North America
; paleoecology
; population density
; population growth
; priority journal
; spatiotemporal analysis
; biological model
; demography
; ecosystem
; history
; paleontology
; procedures
; Carbon Radioisotopes
; Demography
; Ecosystem
; History, Ancient
; Human Migration
; Humans
; Models, Biological
; North America
; Paleontology
英文摘要:
As the Cordilleran and Laurentide Ice Sheets retreated, North America was colonized by human populations; however, the spatial patterns of subsequent population growth are unclear. Temporal frequency distributions of aggregated radiocarbon (14C) dates are used as a proxy of population size and can be used to track this expansion. The Canadian Archaeological Radiocarbon Database contains more than 35,000 14C dates and is used in this study to map the spatiotemporal demographic changes of Holocene populations in North America at a continental scale for the past 13,000 y. We use the kernel method, which converts the spatial distribution of 14C dates into estimates of population density at 500-y intervals. The resulting maps reveal temporally distinct, dynamic patterns associated with paleo-demographic trends that correspond well to genetic, archaeological, and ethnohistoric evidence of human occupation. These results have implications for hypothesizing and testing migration routes into and across North America as well as the relative influence of North American populations on the evolution of the North American ecosystem.
Chaput, M.A., Laboratory for Paleoclimatology and Climatology, Department of Geography, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Kriesche, B., Institute of Stochastics, Ulm University, Ulm, D-89069, Germany; Betts, M., Canadian Museum of History, Gatineau, QC K1A 0M8, Canada; Martindale, A., Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada; Kulik, R., Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Schmidt, V., Institute of Stochastics, Ulm University, Ulm, D-89069, Germany; Gajewski, K., Laboratory for Paleoclimatology and Climatology, Department of Geography, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Kelly, R.L., University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
Recommended Citation:
Chaput M.A.,Kriesche B.,Betts M.,et al. Spatiotemporal distribution of Holocene populations in North America[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2015-01-01,112(39)