Article
; colloid
; comparative study
; controlled study
; dipole
; electric field
; prediction
; priority journal
; steady state
; surface property
; thermodynamics
; article
; colloid
; computer simulation
; quantitative analysis
英文摘要:
Electric charges are conserved. The same would be expected to hold for magnetic charges, yet magnetic monopoles have never been observed. It is therefore surprising that the laws of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, combined with Maxwell's equations, suggest that colloidal particles heated or cooled in certain polar or paramagnetic solvents may behave as if they carry an electric/magnetic charge. Here, we present numerical simulations that show that the field distribution around a pair of such heated/cooled colloidal particles agrees quantitatively with the theoretical predictions for a pair of oppositely charged electric or magnetic monopoles. However, in other respects, the nonequilibrium colloidal particles do not behave as monopoles: They cannot be moved by a homogeneous applied field. The numerical evidence for the monopole-like fields around heated/cooled colloidal particles is crucial because the experimental and numerical determination of forces between such colloidal particles would be complicated by the presence of other effects, such as thermophoresis.
Wirnsberger, P., Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom; Fijan, D., Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom; Lightwood, R.A., Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom; Šarić, A., Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Dellago, C., Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria; Frenkel, D., Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
Recommended Citation:
Wirnsberger P.,Fijan D.,Lightwood R.A.,et al. Numerical evidence for thermally induced monopoles[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2017-01-01,114(19)