iron
; nitrogen
; nitrogen 15
; thorium
; uranium
; carbon dioxide
; nitric acid derivative
; sea water
; Antarctica
; Article
; concentration (parameters)
; coral
; Desmophyllum dianthus
; ice age
; last glacial maximum
; ocean surface
; physical parameters
; priority journal
; radiometric dating
; animal
; Anthozoa
; atmosphere
; chemistry
; metabolism
; phytoplankton
; sea
; Animals
; Antarctic Regions
; Anthozoa
; Atmosphere
; Carbon Dioxide
; Nitrates
; Oceans and Seas
; Phytoplankton
; Seawater
英文摘要:
The Southern Ocean regulates the ocean's biological sequestration of CO2 and is widely suspected to underpin much of the ice age decline in atmospheric CO2 concentration, but the specific changes in the region are debated. Although more complete drawdown of surface nutrients by phytoplankton during the ice ages is supported by some sediment core-based measurements, the use of different proxies in different regions has precluded a unified view of Southern Ocean biogeochemical change. Here, we report measurements of the 15N/14N of fossil-bound organic matter in the stony deepsea coral Desmophyllum dianthus, a tool for reconstructing surface ocean nutrient conditions. The central robust observation is of higher 15N/14N across the Southern Ocean during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), 18-25 thousand years ago. These data suggest a reduced summer surface nitrate concentration in both the Antarctic and Subantarctic Zones during the LGM, with little surface nitrate transport between them. After the ice age, the increase in Antarctic surface nitrate occurred through the deglaciation and continued in the Holocene. The rise in Subantarctic surface nitrate appears to have had both early deglacial and late deglacial/Holocene components, preliminarily attributed to the end of Subantarctic iron fertilization and increasing nitrate input from the surface Antarctic Zone, respectively.
Wang, X.T., Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States, Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States; Sigman, D.M., Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Prokopenko, M.G., Department of Geology, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711, United States; Adkins, J.F., Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States; Robinson, L.F., Bristol Isotope Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom; Hines, S.K., Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States; Chai, J., Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton UniversityNJ 08544, United States; Studer, A.S., Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany; Martínez-García, A., Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany; Chen, T., Bristol Isotope Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom; Haug, G.H., Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany, Geological Institute, ETH Zürich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
Recommended Citation:
Wang X.T.,Sigman D.M.,Prokopenko M.G.,et al. Deep-sea coral evidence for lower Southern Ocean surface nitrate concentrations during the last ice age[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2017-01-01,114(13)