DOI: 10.5194/tc-15-615-2021
论文题名: Fractional snow-covered area: Scale-independent peak of winter parameterization
作者: Helbig N. ; Bühler Y. ; Eberhard L. ; Deschamps-Berger C. ; Gascoin S. ; Dumont M. ; Revuelto J. ; S. Deems J. ; Jonas T.
刊名: Cryosphere
ISSN: 19940416
出版年: 2021
卷: 15, 期: 2 起始页码: 615
结束页码: 632
语种: 英语
英文关键词: climate prediction
; empirical analysis
; hydrological modeling
; ice thickness
; parameterization
; snow cover
; spatial resolution
; winter
英文摘要: The spatial distribution of snow in the mountains is significantly influenced through interactions of topography with wind, precipitation, shortwave and longwave radiation, and avalanches that may relocate the accumulated snow. One of the most crucial model parameters for various applications such as weather forecasts, climate predictions and hydrological modeling is the fraction of the ground surface that is covered by snow, also called fractional snow-covered area (fSCA). While previous subgrid parameterizations for the spatial snow depth distribution and fSCA work well, performances were scale-dependent. Here, we were able to confirm a previously established empirical relationship of peak of winter parameterization for the standard deviation of snow depth HS by evaluating it with 11 spatial snow depth data sets from 7 different geographic regions and snow climates with resolutions ranging from 0.1 to 3 m. An enhanced performance (mean percentage errors, MPE, decreased by 25 %) across all spatial scales 200m was achieved by recalibrating and introducing a scale-dependency in the dominant scaling variables. Scale-dependent MPEs vary between 7% and 3% for HS and between 0% and 1% for fSCA. We performed a scale- and region-dependent evaluation of the parameterizations to assess the potential performances with independent data sets. This evaluation revealed that for the majority of the regions, the MPEs mostly lie between 10% for HS and between 1% and 1.5% for fSCA. This suggests that the new parameterizations perform similarly well in most geographical regions. © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/164704
Appears in Collections: 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: Wsl Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research Slf, Davos, Switzerland; Centre d'Etudes Spatiales de la Biosphère, Ups, Cnrs, Ird, Inrae, Cnes, Toulouse, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, Cnrs, Cnrm, Centre d'Études de la Neige, Grenoble, 38000, France; Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain; National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
Recommended Citation:
Helbig N.,Bühler Y.,Eberhard L.,et al. Fractional snow-covered area: Scale-independent peak of winter parameterization[J]. Cryosphere,2021-01-01,15(2)