DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116595
论文题名: Lightning-induced weathering of Cascadian volcanic peaks
作者: Castro J.M. ; Keller F. ; Feisel Y. ; Lanari P. ; Helo C. ; Mueller S.P. ; Ian Schipper C. ; Thomas C.
刊名: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
ISSN: 0012821X
出版年: 2020
卷: 552 语种: 英语
中文关键词: Cascades
; fulgurite
; lightning
; melting
; paleoweather
; South Sister volcano
英文关键词: Batch data processing
; Electric welding
; Feldspar
; Geochemistry
; Glass
; Hydration
; Lightning
; Melting
; Volcanoes
; Weathering
; Elemental components
; Environmental history
; Environmental water
; Experimental analysis
; Lightning strikes
; Mineral composition
; Physical weathering
; Surface conditions
; Volcanic rocks
; lightning
; melting
; texture
; volcanic glass
; volcanic rock
; volcano
; weathering
; Oregon
; United States
英文摘要: The process of meteorological lightning-induced modification of coherent volcanic rocks is examined by geochemical, textural, and experimental analysis of fulgurites from South Sister volcano, Oregon Cascades, USA. Lightning's effects on volcanic target rocks was simulated with an arc-welding device in order to reproduce the geochemical and textural features of natural fulgurites and to constrain temperatures of melting and devolatilization behavior during lightning strikes. Melting of volcanic target rocks produces melts of exceptional compositional diversity, ranging from those with pure mineral compositions (e.g., diopside and plagioclase), resulting from congruent melting reactions, to those that are highly mixed and compositionally identical to the target rock. Geochemical and textural observations on fulgurites suggest that melting proceeds rapidly, by an in situ modal batch process whereby individual crystals melt and contribute small aliquots to a larger batch that is then mixed by viscous flow. Hydrous species remaining in the glasses are trace (OH≪0.1 wt.%), and consistent with partial equilibration to high temperature (>2000 °C) supra-liquidus, 1-atm conditions. Lightning also induces physical weathering, in that the target rocks may be vapourized to form channels through the rock, representing injection of elemental components to the atmosphere. Finally, lightning acts as a multi-faceted producer of dry, chemically equivalent volcanic glass, which may be subject to long-term hydration by environmental waters at surface conditions. These re-hydration signatures contrast those of volcanic glasses, which have both magmatic and meteoric components, and are used herein to examine the post-lightning environmental history of these glasses, including age dating lightning events by diffusion chronometry. Our study of volcanic fulgurites illustrates the potential to use their hydration signatures to date paleoweather events at decadal to centuries scale. Because the lightning strike is in and of itself so effective at devolatilizing melts in an instant, the resultant fulgurites are a unique earth material that record individual weather events (i.e., a thunderstorm), and also longer-term paleoweather intervals. © 2020 Elsevier B.V. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/164907
Appears in Collections: 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Earth Sciences, ETH, Sonneggstr. 5, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland; Institute of Geology, University of Bern, Baltzerstr. 3, Bern, 3012, Switzerland; Department of Geography, Philipps-University Marburg, Deutschhausstr. 10D-35037, Germany; School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand; Chevron, 6001 Bollinger Canyon Road, San Ramon, CA 94583, United States
Recommended Citation:
Castro J.M.,Keller F.,Feisel Y.,et al. Lightning-induced weathering of Cascadian volcanic peaks[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2020-01-01,552