DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103757
论文题名: Sunken lanes - Development and functions in landscapes
作者: Zgłobicki W. ; Poesen J. ; De Geeter S. ; Boardman J. ; Gawrysiak L. ; Golosov V. ; Ionita I. ; Niacsu L. ; Rodzik J. ; Stankoviansky M. ; Stolz C.
刊名: Earth Science Reviews
ISSN: 00128252
出版年: 2021
卷: 221 语种: 英语
中文关键词: Anthropocene
; Anthropogeomorphology
; Ecosystem services
; Geoheritage
; Hollow road
; Hollow way
; Sunken road
英文摘要: Sunken lanes are roads or tracks, 2 m or more wide, that are incised at least 0.5 m, but often by several meters, below the general level of the surrounding land surface. They are formed by the passage of people, animals, vehicles and erosion by water and gravity. Although these anthropogenic landforms are quite common worldwide they received limited interest by the international scientific community. This comprehensive review analyzed all available information on their characteristics, development and functions in landscapes. Most research on sunken lanes has been conducted in Europe, whereas sunken lanes have been occasionally reported in other continents as well. Major topics addressed are spatial distribution, origin and development, morphology, erosion rates, hydrology, ecology, management, geotourism and research needs. Mean dimensions of sunken lanes reported for various regions vary widely: i.e. 30–2300 m for their length; 0.6–12.5 m for their depth and 2–36 m for their top width. Typical sunken lane densities in European regions (10 to 100 km2 large) characterized by such landforms range between 0.2 and 0.5 km km−2 but for smaller areas (< 10 km2) densities may reach 1–2 km km−2. In Europe and the Middle East sunken lanes already started to form during prehistoric times. During later periods, with increasing population, settlement density, cropland area and traffic, sunken lanes further deepened and widened and new ones were formed. Some of these evolved towards large permanent gullies whereas others became footpaths or were completely abandoned and can still be observed today as dormant sunken lanes in old forests. Sunken lane formation results from interactions between natural factors (i.e. lithology and soils, topography, climate, vegetation) and anthropogenic factors (i.e. traffic, land use and management). Rock type, weathering status and soil types control the erodibility of hillslope materials and hence the development and preservation of sunken lanes. Sunken lanes have been reported in several lithologies but most have been studied in loess regions. Sunken lanes, can be initiated at topographic landscape positions with a much lower slope gradient and corresponding contributing area than those needed to initiate classical gullies, due to the combined action of natural (i.e. concentrated flow erosion and mass movements) and anthropogenic processes (i.e. erosion by animal and human trampling, wheel traffic and digging). Once formed, medium to long-term average incision rates of unpaved bare sunken lanes are 1 to 5 cm year−1 often exceeding erosion rates on nearby cropland by at least one order of magnitude. Sunken lanes perform many functions in landscapes i.e. microclimatological, hydrological, geomorphological, ecological, transport, aesthetic, geotouristic, educational, scientific, strategic, and historical functions. Sunken lanes represent long-standing heritage of past agricultural landscapes and, taking into account their natural and cultural assets, justifies their protection. Unfortunately in several regions, sunken lanes are threatened by urban sprawl, agricultural intensification or land consolidation programs. It remains a challenge for environmental planners to conserve this characteristic geomorphosite for the Anthropocene and to reconcile its competing functions. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/166551
Appears in Collections: 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, UMCS, Kraśnicka Av. 2d, Lublin, 20-718, Poland; KU Leuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Celestijnenlaan 200E B-3001 Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; University of Liège, Department of Geography, (U.R. SPHERES), Clos Mercator 3, Liège, 4000, Belgium; Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, 3 S Parks Rd, Oxford, UK OX1 3QY, United Kingdom; Department of Geography, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa; Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1119991, Russian Federation; Institute of Geography RAS, Staromonetny 29(4)119029, Moscow, Russian Federation; “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Faculty of Geography & Geology, Carol I Blvd., No. 20 A, 700505Iasi, Romania; Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava, 842 15, Slovakia; Physical Geography, Europe-University, Flensburg, 24943, Germany
Recommended Citation:
Zgłobicki W.,Poesen J.,De Geeter S.,et al. Sunken lanes - Development and functions in landscapes[J]. Earth Science Reviews,2021-01-01,221