globalchange  > 气候变化与战略
DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112281
论文题名:
Whether crude oil dependence and CO2 emissions influence military expenditure in net oil importing countries?
作者: Wang K.-H.; Su C.-W.; Lobonţ O.-R.; Umar M.
刊名: Energy Policy
ISSN: 03014215
出版年: 2021
卷: 153
语种: 英语
中文关键词: Autoregressive distributed lag model ; CO2 emissions ; Crude oil dependence ; Fourier function ; Military expenditure
英文关键词: Budget control ; Crude oil ; Economics ; Energy efficiency ; Proven reserves ; Public policy ; Renewable energy resources ; Sustainable development ; Autoregressive distributed lag models ; CO$-2$/ emission ; CO2 emissions ; Cointegration ; Cointegration relationship ; Crude oil dependence ; Energy structures ; Fourier functions ; Military expenditure ; Oil dependence ; Carbon dioxide ; carbon dioxide ; carbon emission ; cointegration analysis ; crude oil ; expenditure ; import ; numerical model
英文摘要: This paper investigates the cointegration relationship among crude oil dependence (COD), CO2 emissions (CO2) and military expenditure (ME) in net oil importing countries using a bootstrap autoregressive distributed lag model with a Fourier function (FARDL). The empirical results indicate that there is cointegration in China and India due to their rapid economic development, very high CO2 emissions, strong oil demand and growth in military strength. Italy has a high level of oil dependence and an oil-dominated energy structure and is closely located to the Middle East, leading its ME to be influenced by COD and CO2. However, military strategies and alliances, governmental budget constraints, and energy structure and policies eliminate the cointegration relationship in the U.S., France and other countries. Some policy implications include the need to diversify oil supply channels and build strategic reserves to relieve pressure on the military to protect oil security. Expenditures for military research and development should be encouraged, and the transfer of military technologies to civil fields to improve energy efficiency should be accelerated. Renewable energy development is an effective instrument for relieving pressure due to oil dependence and the need to reduce CO2. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/168066
Appears in Collections:气候变化与战略

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作者单位: School of Economics, Qingdao University, China; Finance Department, West University of Timisoara, China

Recommended Citation:
Wang K.-H.,Su C.-W.,Lobonţ O.-R.,et al. Whether crude oil dependence and CO2 emissions influence military expenditure in net oil importing countries?[J]. Energy Policy,2021-01-01,153
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