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DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0095315
论文题名:	200 kHz Commercial Sonar Systems Generate Lower Frequency Side Lobes Audible to Some Marine Mammals
作者:	Z. Daniel Deng; Brandon L. Southall; Thomas J. Carlson; Jinshan Xu; Jayson J. Martinez; Mark A. Weiland; John M. Ingraham
刊名:	PLOS ONE
ISSN:	1932-6203
出版年:	2014
发表日期:	2014-4-15
卷:	9, 期:4
语种:	英语
英文关键词:	Sonar ; Killer whales ; Marine mammals ; Bioacoustics ; Hearing ; Acoustic signals ; Acoustics ; Immune receptor signaling
英文摘要:	The spectral properties of pulses transmitted by three commercially available 200 kHz echo sounders were measured to assess the possibility that marine mammals might hear sound energy below the center (carrier) frequency that may be generated by transmitting short rectangular pulses. All three sounders were found to generate sound at frequencies below the center frequency and within the hearing range of some marine mammals, e.g. killer whales, false killer whales, beluga whales, Atlantic bottlenose dolphins, harbor porpoises, and others. The frequencies of these sub-harmonic sounds ranged from 90 to 130 kHz. These sounds were likely detectable by the animals over distances up to several hundred meters but were well below potentially harmful levels. The sounds generated by the sounders could potentially affect the behavior of marine mammals within fairly close proximity to the sources and therefore the exclusion of echo sounders from environmental impact analysis based solely on the center frequency output in relation to the range of marine mammal hearing should be reconsidered.
URL:	http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0095315&type=printable
Citation statistics:
资源类型:	期刊论文
标识符:	http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/20052
Appears in Collections:	过去全球变化的重建影响、适应和脆弱性科学计划与规划气候变化与战略全球变化的国际研究计划气候减缓与适应气候变化事实与影响

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journal.pone.0095315.PDF（316KB）	期刊论文	作者接受稿	开放获取	CC BY-NC-SA	View Download

作者单位:

Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America;Southall Environmental Associates, Aptos, California, United States of America;Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America;Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America;Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America;Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America;Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America

Recommended Citation:

Z. Daniel Deng,Brandon L. Southall,Thomas J. Carlson,et al. 200 kHz Commercial Sonar Systems Generate Lower Frequency Side Lobes Audible to Some Marine Mammals[J]. PLOS ONE,2014-01-01,9(4)

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