Background Type 1 diabetes incidence presents a decreasing gradient in Europe from the Nordic countries to the Mediterranean ones. Exception to this gradient is represented by Sardinia, the second largest Mediterranean island whose population shows the highest incidence in Europe, after Finland. The genetic features of this population have created a fertile ground for the epidemic of the disease, however, as well as being strikingly high, the incidence rate has suddenly presented a continuous increase from the ‘50s, not explainable by accumulation of new genetic variants. Several environmental factors have been taken into account, possibly interacting with the genetic/epigenetic scenario, but there are no strong evidences to date. Methods The present study investigated the hypothesis that geochemical elements could create permissive environmental conditions for autoimmune diabetes. An ecological analysis was performed to test possible correlations between the values of eight elements in stream sediments and type 1 diabetes incidence rate in Sardinia. Results Analyses revealed negative associations between elements, such as Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, and type 1 diabetes incidence. Conclusions The results suggest a possible protective role of some elements against the onset of the disease.
Department of Civil-Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy;Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy;Department of Civil-Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy;Department of Civil-Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy;Department of Civil-Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy;Centre for the Study of Diabetes Complications and Metabolic Diseases, St. Michele Hospital, Cagliari, Italy;Centre for the Study of Diabetes Complications and Metabolic Diseases, St. Michele Hospital, Cagliari, Italy;Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy;Centre for the Study of Diabetes Complications and Metabolic Diseases, St. Michele Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
Recommended Citation:
Paolo Valera,Patrizia Zavattari,Alessandro Sanna,et al. Zinc and Other Metals Deficiencies and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes: An Ecological Study in the High Risk Sardinia Island[J]. PLOS ONE,2015-01-01,10(11)