DOI: 10.5194/cp-9-811-2013
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84881165499
论文题名: Skill and reliability of climate model ensembles at the last glacial maximum and mid-holocene
作者: Hargreaves J.C. ; Annan J.D. ; Ohgaito R. ; Paul A. ; Abe-Ouchi A.
刊名: Climate of the Past
ISSN: 18149324
出版年: 2013
卷: 9, 期: 2 起始页码: 811
结束页码: 823
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: atmospheric forcing
; boundary condition
; climate modeling
; data set
; error analysis
; Holocene
; land surface
; Last Glacial Maximum
; numerical model
; paleoclimate
; proxy climate record
; radiative forcing
英文摘要: Paleoclimate simulations provide us with an opportunity to critically confront and evaluate the performance of climate models in simulating the response of the climate system to changes in radiative forcing and other boundary conditions. Hargreaves et al. (2011) analysed the reliability of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project, PMIP2 model ensemble with respect to the MARGO sea surface temperature data synthesis (MARGO Project Members, 2009) for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 21 ka BP). Here we extend that work to include a new comprehensive collection of land surface data (Bartlein et al., 2011), and introduce a novel analysis of the predictive skill of the models. We include output from the PMIP3 experiments, from the two models for which suitable data are currently available. We also perform the same analyses for the PMIP2 mid-Holocene (6 ka BP) ensembles and available proxy data sets. Our results are predominantly positive for the LGM, suggesting that as well as the global mean change, the models can reproduce the observed pattern of change on the broadest scales, such as the overall land-sea contrast and polar amplification, although the more detailed sub-continental scale patterns of change remains elusive. In contrast, our results for the mid-Holocene are substantially negative, with the models failing to reproduce the observed changes with any degree of skill. One cause of this problem could be that the globallyand annually-averaged forcing anomaly is very weak at the mid-Holocene, and so the results are dominated by the more localised regional patterns in the parts of globe for which data are available. The root cause of the model-data mismatch at these scales is unclear. If the proxy calibration is itself reliable, then representativity error in the data-model comparison, and missing climate feedbacks in the models are other possible sources of error.© 2013 Author(s). Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/49427
Appears in Collections: 气候变化与战略
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Recommended Citation:
Hargreaves J.C.,Annan J.D.,Ohgaito R.,et al. Skill and reliability of climate model ensembles at the last glacial maximum and mid-holocene[J]. Climate of the Past,2013-01-01,9(2)