globalchange  > 气候变化事实与影响
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00556.1
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84937855230
论文题名:
The observed state of the energy budget in the early twenty-first century
作者: L'Ecuyer T.S.; Beaudoing H.K.; Rodell M.; Olson W.; Lin B.; Kato S.; Clayson C.A.; Wood E.; Sheffield J.; Adler R.; Huffman G.; Bosilovich M.; Gu G.; Robertson F.; Houser P.R.; Chambers D.; Famiglietti J.S.; Fetzer E.; Liu W.T.; Gao X.; Schlosser C.A.; Clark E.; Lettenmaier D.P.; Hilburn K.
刊名: Journal of Climate
ISSN: 8948755
出版年: 2015
卷: 28, 期:21
起始页码: 8319
结束页码: 8346
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: Absorption cooling ; Error analysis ; Heat flux ; Heat transfer ; Down-welling radiation ; Earth observing satellite ; Satellite observations ; Seasonal variability ; Turbulent heat fluxes ; Turbulent heat transfer ; Uncertainty assessment ; Variational methods ; Budget control ; algorithm ; data set ; energy budget ; heat flux ; heat transfer ; hydrological cycle ; net radiation ; seasonal variation ; twenty first century ; water budget
英文摘要: New objectively balanced observation-based reconstructions of global and continental energy budgets and their seasonal variability are presented that span the golden decade of Earth-observing satellites at the start of the twentyfirst century. In the absence of balance constraints, various combinations of modern flux datasets reveal that current estimates of net radiation into Earth's surface exceed corresponding turbulent heat fluxes by 13-24 W m-2. The largest imbalances occur over oceanic regions where the component algorithms operate independent of closure constraints. Recent uncertainty assessments suggest that these imbalances fall within anticipated error bounds for each dataset, but the systematic nature of required adjustments across different regions confirm the existence of biases in the component fluxes. To reintroduce energy and water cycle closure information lost in the development of independent flux datasets, a variational method is introduced that explicitly accounts for the relative accuracies in all component fluxes. Applying the technique to a 10-yr record of satellite observations yields new energy budget estimates that simultaneously satisfy all energy and water cycle balance constraints. Globally, 180 Wm-2 of atmospheric longwave cooling is balanced by 74 Wm-2 of shortwave absorption and 106 Wm-2 of latent and sensible heat release. At the surface, 106 Wm-2 of downwelling radiation is balanced by turbulent heat transfer to within a residual heat flux into the oceans of 0.45 Wm-2, consistent with recent observations of changes in ocean heat content. Annual mean energy budgets and their seasonal cycles for each of seven continents and nine ocean basins are also presented. © 2015 American Meteorological Society.
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/50752
Appears in Collections:气候变化事实与影响

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作者单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States; Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States; Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology/University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States; NASA Langley Research Center, Norfolk, VA, United States; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States; Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, United States; George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States; University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, United States; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Remote Sensing Systems, Santa Rosa, CA, United States

Recommended Citation:
L'Ecuyer T.S.,Beaudoing H.K.,Rodell M.,et al. The observed state of the energy budget in the early twenty-first century[J]. Journal of Climate,2015-01-01,28(21)
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