globalchange  > 气候变化事实与影响
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00555.1
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84946231396
论文题名:
The observed state of the water cycle in the early twenty-first century
作者: Rodell M.; Beaudoing H.K.; L'Ecuyer T.S.; Olson W.S.; Famiglietti J.S.; Houser P.R.; Adler R.; Bosilovich M.G.; Clayson C.A.; Chambers D.; Clark E.; Fetzer E.J.; Gao X.; Gu G.; Hilburn K.; Huffman G.J.; Lettenmaier D.P.; Liu W.T.; Robertson F.R.; Schlosser C.A.; Sheffield J.; Wood E.F.
刊名: Journal of Climate
ISSN: 8948755
出版年: 2015
卷: 28, 期:21
起始页码: 8289
结束页码: 8318
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: Budget control ; Data integration ; Landforms ; Oceanography ; Atmospheric analysis ; Atmospheric water ; Observing systems ; Remote observation ; Satellite measurements ; Uncertainty estimates ; Variational framework ; Water and energies ; Uncertainty analysis ; energy budget ; hydrological cycle ; twenty first century ; water budget ; Africa ; Antarctica ; Arctic Ocean ; Atlantic Ocean ; Atlantic Ocean (South) ; Australia ; Eurasia ; Indonesia ; North America ; South America
英文摘要: This study quantifies mean annual and monthly fluxes of Earth's water cycle over continents and ocean basins during the first decade of the millennium. To the extent possible, the flux estimates are based on satellite measurements first and data-integrating models second. A careful accounting of uncertainty in the estimates is included. It is applied within a routine that enforces multiple water and energy budget constraints simultaneously in a variational framework in order to produce objectively determined optimized flux estimates. In the majority of cases, the observed annual surface and atmospheric water budgets over the continents and oceans close with much less than 10% residual. Observed residuals and optimized uncertainty estimates are considerably larger for monthly surface and atmospheric water budget closure, often nearing or exceeding 20% in North America, Eurasia, Australia and neighboring islands, and the Arctic and South Atlantic Oceans. The residuals in South America and Africa tend to be smaller, possibly because cold land processes are negligible. Fluxes were poorly observed over the Arctic Ocean, certain seas, Antarctica, and the Australasian and Indonesian islands, leading to reliance on atmospheric analysis estimates. Many of the satellite systems that contributed data have been or will soon be lost or replaced. Models that integrate ground-based and remote observations will be critical for ameliorating gaps and discontinuities in the data records caused by these transitions. Continued development of such models is essential for maximizing the value of the observations. Next-generation observing systems are the best hope for significantly improving global water budget accounting. © 2015 American Meteorological Society.
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/50846
Appears in Collections:气候变化事实与影响

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作者单位: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States; Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States; George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States; University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, United States; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Remote Sensing Systems, Santa Rosa, CA, United States; NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, United States; Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States

Recommended Citation:
Rodell M.,Beaudoing H.K.,L'Ecuyer T.S.,et al. The observed state of the water cycle in the early twenty-first century[J]. Journal of Climate,2015-01-01,28(21)
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