DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00660.1
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84878974226
论文题名: The polar marine climate revisited
作者: Ballinger T.J. ; Schmidlin T.W. ; Steinhoff D.F.
刊名: Journal of Climate
ISSN: 8948755
出版年: 2013
卷: 26, 期: 11 起始页码: 3935
结束页码: 3952
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: Climate forecasts
; Mean air temperatures
; North Atlantic
; North Pacific
; Northern hemisphere
; Poleward shift
; Southern Hemisphere
; Southern ocean
; Climate control
; Climatology
; Mathematical models
; Sea ice
; air temperature
; climate change
; climate variation
; climatology
; marine atmosphere
; Northern Hemisphere
; parameterization
; polar meteorology
; sea ice
; trend analysis
; warming
; Atlantic Ocean
; Atlantic Ocean (North)
; Pacific Ocean
; Pacific Ocean (North)
; Southern Ocean
英文摘要: As an additional classification to K̈oppen's climate classification for polar (E) climates, the Polar Marine (EM) climate was presented nearly five decades ago and is revisited in this paper. The EM climate was traced to the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Southern Ocean and recognized as wet, cloudy, and windy, especially during winter. These areas by definition are encompassed by monthly mean air temperatures of -6.7° C (20°F) and 10°C (50°F) in the coldest and warmest months of the annual cycle, respectively. Here three global reanalyses [ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim), Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), and JapanMeteorological Agency (JMA) 25-yr reanalysis (JRA-25)] are used to produce a modern depiction of EM climate. General agreement is found between original and new EM boundaries, for which the poleward boundary can be approximated by the winter sea icemaximumand the equatorward boundary by the warmest month SSTs. Variability of these parameters is shown to largely dictate the EM area.Adownward trend in global EMareal extent for 1979-2010 (-42.4 ×109 m2 yr-1) is dominated by the negative Northern Hemisphere (NH) EM trend (-45.7× 109 m2 yr-1), whereas the Southern Hemisphere (SH) EM areal trend is insignificant. This observed reduction in NH EM areal extent of roughly 20% over the past three decades, largely from losses at the equatorward boundaries of these biologically rich EM zones, may not be fully compensated by poleward shifts in the EM environment due to projected warming and sea ice decline in the twenty-first century. © 2013 American Meteorological Society. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/51862
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Department of Geography, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States; Research Applications Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States
Recommended Citation:
Ballinger T.J.,Schmidlin T.W.,Steinhoff D.F.. The polar marine climate revisited[J]. Journal of Climate,2013-01-01,26(11)