DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00032.1
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84856962269
论文题名: Effects of urban surfaces and white roofs on global and regional climate
作者: Jacobson M.Z. ; Ten Hoeve J.E.
刊名: Journal of Climate
ISSN: 8948755
出版年: 2012
卷: 25, 期: 3 起始页码: 1028
结束页码: 1044
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: Albedo effects
; Data estimates
; Earth's surface
; Energy demands
; Energy use
; Global models
; Land surface models
; Local cooling
; Local heating
; Model range
; Regional climate
; Surface albedo
; Temperature changes
; Urban areas
; Urban heat island
; Urban land cover
; Urban surfaces
; Energy management
; Geologic models
; Global warming
; Roofs
; Solar radiation
; Climate models
; climate change
; estimation method
; global climate
; global warming
; heat island
; land cover
; regional climate
; roof
; temperature anomaly
; temperature gradient
; urban atmosphere
; urban climate
英文摘要: Land use, vegetation, albedo, and soil-type data are combined in a global model that accounts for roofs and roads at near their actual resolution to quantify the effects of urban surface and white roofs on climate. In 2005,~0.128% of the earth's surface contained urban land cover, half of which was vegetated. Urban land cover was modeled over 20 years to increase gross global warming (warming before cooling due to aerosols and albedo change are accounted for) by 0.06-0.11Kand population-weighted warming by 0.16-0.31 K, based on two simulations under different conditions. As such, the urban heat island (UHI) effect may contribute to 2%-4% of gross global warming, although the uncertainty range is likely larger than the model range presented, and more verification is needed. This may be the first estimate of the UHI effect derived from a global model while considering both UHI local heating and large-scale feedbacks. Previous data estimates of the global UHI, which considered the effect of urban areas but did not treat feedbacks or isolate temperature change due to urban surfaces from other causes of urban temperature change, imply a smaller UHI effect but of similar order. White roofs change surface albedo and affect energy demand. A worldwide conversion to white roofs, accounting for their albedo effect only, was calculated to cool population-weighted temperatures by;0.02Kbut to warm the earth overall by;0.07 K. White roof local cooling may also affect energy use, thus emissions, a factor not accounted for here. As such, conclusions here regarding white roofs apply only to the assumptions made. © 2012 American Meteorological Society. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/52577
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
Recommended Citation:
Jacobson M.Z.,Ten Hoeve J.E.. Effects of urban surfaces and white roofs on global and regional climate[J]. Journal of Climate,2012-01-01,25(3)