globalchange  > 过去全球变化的重建
DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.02.009
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84959421380
论文题名:
Late Quaternary paleoenvironmental records from the Chatanika River valley near Fairbanks (Alaska)
作者: Schirrmeister L.; Meyer H.; Andreev A.; Wetterich S.; Kienast F.; Bobrov A.; Fuchs M.; Sierralta M.; Herzschuh U.
刊名: Quaternary Science Reviews
ISSN: 2773791
出版年: 2016
卷: 147
起始页码: 259
结束页码: 278
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Cryolithology ; Geochronology ; Interior Alaska ; Landscape dynamics ; Loess ; Paleoecology ; Permafrost
Scopus关键词: Biological materials preservation ; Deposition ; Deposits ; Ecology ; Exploratory geochemistry ; Forestry ; Geochronology ; Gravel ; Landforms ; Luminescence ; Mass spectrometry ; Particle accelerator accessories ; Permafrost ; Plants (botany) ; Sediments ; Silt ; Thorium deposits ; Vegetation ; Wetlands ; Accelerator mass spectrometry ; Boreal coniferous forests ; Cryolithology ; Environmental history ; Landscape dynamics ; Loess ; Optically stimulated luminescence ; Paleoecology ; Ice ; bedrock ; boreal forest ; coniferous forest ; coniferous tree ; fossil record ; geochronology ; Holocene ; ice thickness ; landscape history ; lithostratigraphy ; loess ; paleoecology ; paleoenvironment ; periglacial environment ; permafrost ; steppe ; Wisconsinan ; Alaska ; Chatanika River ; Fairbanks ; United States ; Alnus ; Alnus incana ; Cyperaceae ; Larix ; Picea ; Sphagnum
英文摘要: Perennially-frozen deposits are considered as excellent paleoenvironmental archives similar to lacustrine, deep marine, and glacier records because of the long-term and good preservation of fossil records under stable permafrost conditions. A permafrost tunnel in the Vault Creek Valley (Chatanika River Valley, near Fairbanks) exposes a sequence of frozen deposits and ground ice that provides a comprehensive set of proxies to reconstruct the late Quaternary environmental history of Interior Alaska. The multi-proxy approach includes different dating techniques (radiocarbon-accelerator mass spectrometry [AMS 14C], optically stimulated luminescence [OSL], thorium/uranium radioisotope disequilibria [230Th/U]), as well as methods of sedimentology, paleoecology, hydrochemistry, and stable isotope geochemistry of ground ice. The studied sequence consists of 36-m-thick late Quaternary deposits above schistose bedrock. Main portions of the sequence accumulated during the early and middle Wisconsin periods. The lowermost unit A consists of about 9-m-thick ice-bonded fluvial gravels with sand and peat lenses. A late Sangamon (MIS 5a) age of unit A is assumed. Spruce forest with birch, larch, and some shrubby alder dominated the vegetation. High presence of Sphagnum spores and Cyperaceae pollen points to mires in the Vault Creek Valley. The overlying unit B consists of 10-m-thick alternating fluvial gravels, loess-like silt, and sand layers, penetrated by small ice wedges. OSL dates support a stadial early Wisconsin (MIS 4) age of unit B. Pollen and plant macrofossil data point to spruce forests with some birch interspersed with wetlands around the site. The following unit C is composed of 15-m-thick ice-rich loess-like and organic-rich silt with fossil bones and large ice wedges. Unit C formed during the interstadial mid-Wisconsin (MIS 3) and stadial late Wisconsin (MIS 2) as indicated by radiocarbon ages. Post-depositional slope processes significantly deformed both, ground ice and sediments of unit C. Pollen data show that spruce forests and wetlands dominated the area. The macrofossil remains of Picea, Larix, and Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia also prove the existence of boreal coniferous forests during the mid-Wisconsin interstadial, which were replaced by treeless tundra-steppe vegetation during the late Wisconsin stadial. Unit C is discordantly overlain by the 2-m-thick late Holocene deposits of unit D. The pollen record of unit D indicates boreal forest vegetation similar to the modern one. The permafrost record from the Vault Creek tunnel reflects more than 90 ka of periglacial landscape dynamics triggered by fluvial and eolian accumulation, and formation of ice-wedge polygons and post-depositional deformation by slope processes. The record represents a typical Wisconsin valley-bottom facies in Central Alaska. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd
资助项目: We thank Kenji Yoshikawa for the initiation of the studies in the VC tunnel and the great support during fieldwork and the afterward intense discussion of analytical results. We thank Mr. Sam Skidmore, the owner of the VC tunnel, for field support and valuable suggestions. The authors thank the lab team of the AWI in Potsdam for general assistance during sample preparation and analysis, especially Ute Bastian, Antje Eulenburg, and Lutz Schoenicke. The work of A. Andreev in this study was partly performed according to the Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of the Kazan Federal University. The study contributes to the Arctic Ecological Network (BMBF grant No 01DJ14003). The studies of A. Bobrov were supported by the project of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research N 16.04-00451: “Biogeography testate amoebae living in soil and sediments.” The paper greatly benefited by helpful comments and corrections from Candace O'Connor (Fairbanks Alaska) and the two reviewers Mikhail Kanevskiy and Jason Briner and one anonymous reviewer.
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/59516
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作者单位: Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation; Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Research Station for Quaternary Paleontology, Weimar, Germany; Department of Soil Science, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Freiberg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics, Hannover, Germany; Institute for Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany

Recommended Citation:
Schirrmeister L.,Meyer H.,Andreev A.,et al. Late Quaternary paleoenvironmental records from the Chatanika River valley near Fairbanks (Alaska)[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews,2016-01-01,147
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