DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.01.006
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84978026054
论文题名: Holocene evolution of Lake Shkodra: Multidisciplinary evidence for diachronic landscape change in northern Albania
作者: Mazzini I. ; Gliozzi E. ; Galaty M. ; Bejko L. ; Sadori L. ; Soulié-Märsche I. ; Koçi R. ; Van Welden A. ; Bushati S.
刊名: Quaternary Science Reviews
ISSN: 2773791
出版年: 2016
卷: 136 起始页码: 85
结束页码: 95
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Archaeology
; Characeae
; Human impact
; Ostracoda
; Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction
Scopus关键词: Animals
; Forestry
; Groundwater
; History
; Plants (botany)
; Population statistics
; Wetlands
; Archaeology
; Characeae
; Human impact
; Ostracoda
; Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction
; Lakes
; anthropogenic effect
; archaeological evidence
; cultivation
; diachronism
; fossil record
; green alga
; historical record
; Holocene
; human activity
; landscape evolution
; ostracod
; paleoenvironment
; paleohydrology
; population growth
; reconstruction
; social history
; Albania
; Skadar Lake
; Characeae
; Charales
; Juglans
; Ostracoda
英文摘要: A multidisciplinary micro-paleontological study of a sediment core (SK19) drilled in the coastal area of Lake Shkodra, northern Albania, integrated with archaeological data from the Projekti Arkeologjikë i Shkodrës (PASH), provides compelling evidence for a long-term relationship between Shkodra's natural environment and its inhabitants. Charophyte and ostracod data recovered from SK19 combined with those already studied from the distal core SK13 (Mazzini et al., 2015), reveal important information concerning the changing characteristics of the water body through time. In particular, the ostracod fauna display a truly Balkanic character with eight taxa endemic to the area.Palaeoenvironmental analysis of the two cores indicates that a wide marshland extended towards the present eastern coast of the lake, fed discontinuously both by surface- and ground-water, beginning sometime before 12,140 cal yrs BP. For about 7000 years ostracods do not record any significant changes, whereas the Characeae record in the proximal zone displays important variations. Those variations do not match any of the climatic oscillations revealed in previous studies by δ18O or pollen data, thereby implicating human activities. Ostracods and charophytes indicate that permanent shallow waters occurred in the Shkodra basin only around 5800 cal yrs BP. Historical sources of the Roman Empire indicate a swamp (the Palus labeatis), crossed by the River Morača, which flowed into the River Buna.Evidence for local fires, whether natural or anthropogenic, is recorded in SK13, scattered between 4400 and 1200 yrs BP. From 4400 to 2000 yrs BP, during the Bronze and Iron Age, hill forts ringed the marsh and burial mounds marked its edges. But around 2000 cal yrs BP, a dramatic change in the water body occurred: the disappearance of Characeae. Possibly fires were used for the elimination of natural vegetation and the subsequent cultivation of olive and walnut trees, causing an increase on organic matter input into the lake and thus, resulting on the disappearance of the Characeae due to higher turbidity in lake waters. This change occurred shortly after the arrival of the Romans.At 1200 cal yrs BP the marshland evolved into the large shallow lake we know today. This change is marked in the ostracod assemblages of both cores and agrees with trends in aquatic and riparian plants and may have allowed or encouraged exponential population growth beginning in the early-middle Medieval period and peaking in the late Medieval, as indicated in PASH settlement data.The use of different but complementary methods, drawn from palaeontology and archaeology, allowed reconstruction of Shkodra's past landscapes, linking the natural evolution of a Mediterranean lacustrine basin to regional population and settlement dynamics. This is the first research project to explore the relationship between natural and cultural landscapes and environmental change in northern Albania, forming the basis for further, more detailed studies. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/59657
Appears in Collections: 过去全球变化的重建
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作者单位: Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria (IGAG CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma RM1, Via Salaria km 29, 300, C.P. 10, Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze, University Roma Tre, Largo S. Leonardo Murialdo, 1, Rome, Italy; Department of Anthropology and Middle Eastern Cultures, Mississippi State University, PO Box AR, 210 Cobb BuildingMS, United States; Department of Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Studies, University of Tirana, Rruga Dëshmorët e 4 Shkurtit, Green Park 2, Tirana, Albania; Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università 'La Sapienza', P. le A. Moro, 5, Rome, Italy; Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution, UMR 5554/CNRS-Palaeoenvironments, Université Montpellier 2, C.P. 061, Place E. Bataillon, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France; Institute of Geosciences, Energy and Environment, Polytechnic University of Tirana, Albania; G and G Scientist, CGGVeritas, Multi-Client and New Ventures, Lilleakerveien 6A, Oslo, Norway; Academy of Science, Sheshi Fan S. Noli, Nr. 4, Tirana, Albania
Recommended Citation:
Mazzini I.,Gliozzi E.,Galaty M.,et al. Holocene evolution of Lake Shkodra: Multidisciplinary evidence for diachronic landscape change in northern Albania[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews,2016-01-01,136