globalchange  > 过去全球变化的重建
DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.003
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84959107202
论文题名:
Climatic changes and social transformations in the Near East and North Africa during the 'long' 4th millennium BC: A comparative study of environmental and archaeological evidence
作者: Clarke J.; Brooks N.; Banning E.B.; Bar-Matthews M.; Campbell S.; Clare L.; Cremaschi M.; di Lernia S.; Drake N.; Gallinaro M.; Manning S.; Nicoll K.; Philip G.; Rosen S.; Schoop U.-D.; Tafuri M.A.; Weninger B.; Zerboni A.
刊名: Quaternary Science Reviews
ISSN: 2773791
出版年: 2016
卷: 136
起始页码: 96
结束页码: 121
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Eastern Mediterranean ; Middle Holocene ; Near East ; North Africa ; Rapid climate change ; Societal change
Scopus关键词: Economic and social effects ; Excavation ; Eastern Mediterranean ; Holocenes ; Near East ; North Africa ; Rapid climate change ; Societal changes ; Climate change
英文摘要: This paper explores the possible links between rapid climate change (RCC) and social change in the Near East and surrounding regions (Anatolia, central Syria, southern Israel, Mesopotamia, Cyprus and eastern and central Sahara) during the 'long' 4th millennium (~4500-3000) BC. Twenty terrestrial and 20 marine climate proxies are used to identify long-term trends in humidity involving transitions from humid to arid conditions and vice versa. The frequency distribution of episodes of relative aridity across these records is calculated for the period 6300-2000 BC, so that the results may be interpreted in the context of the established arid episodes associated with RCC around 6200 and 2200 BC (the 8.2 and 4.2 kyr events). We identify two distinct episodes of heightened aridity in the early-mid 4th, and late 4th millennium BC. These episodes cluster strongly at 3600-3700 and 3100-3300 BC. There is also evidence of localised aridity spikes in the 5th and 6th millennia BC. These results are used as context for the interpretation of regional and local archaeological records with a particular focus on case studies from western Syria, the middle Euphrates, southern Israel and Cyprus. Interpretation of the records involves the construction of plausible narratives of human-climate interaction informed by concepts of adaptation and resilience from the literature on contemporary (i.e. 21st century) climate change and adaptation. The results are presented alongside well-documented examples of climatically-influenced societal change in the central and eastern Sahara, where detailed geomorphological studies of ancient environments have been undertaken in tandem with archaeological research. While the narratives for the Near East and Eastern Mediterranean remain somewhat speculative, the use of resilience and adaptation frameworks allows for a more nuanced treatment of human-climate interactions and recognises the diversity and context-specificity of human responses to climatic and environmental change. Our results demonstrate that there is a need for more local environmental data to be collected 'at source' during archaeological excavations. © 2015 The Authors.
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/59663
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作者单位: Department of Art History and World Art Studies, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Geological Survey of Israel, Jerusalem, Israel; School of Arts, Languages and Cultures, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Orient-Abteilung, Podbielskiallee 69-71, Berlin, Germany; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra A. Desio, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 34, Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Antichita, Sapienza Universita di Roma, Via dei Volsci 122, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Storia, Scienze dell'Uomo e della formazione, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Department of Geography, King's College London, Strand Campus, London, United Kingdom; Department of Classics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Geography Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Dept of Archaeology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, United Kingdom; Archaeology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, Beersheva, Israel; School of History, Classics and Archaeology, Old Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale Sapienza, Università di Roma P.le Aldo Moro, Roma, Italy; Universität zu Köln, Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte Weyertal 125, Köln, Germany

Recommended Citation:
Clarke J.,Brooks N.,Banning E.B.,et al. Climatic changes and social transformations in the Near East and North Africa during the 'long' 4th millennium BC: A comparative study of environmental and archaeological evidence[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews,2016-01-01,136
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