globalchange  > 过去全球变化的重建
DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.12.004
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84893184961
论文题名:
How old is the human footprint in the world's largest alpine ecosystem? A review of multiproxy records from the Tibetan Plateau from the ecologists' viewpoint
作者: Miehe G.; Miehe S.; Böhner J.; Kaiser K.; Hensen I.; Madsen D.; Liu J.; Opgenoorth L.
刊名: Quaternary Science Reviews
ISSN: 2773791
出版年: 2014
卷: 86
起始页码: 190
结束页码: 209
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Anthropocene ; Fire ; Forest decline ; Grazing ; Holocene ; Palaeosol
Scopus关键词: Anthropocene ; Forest decline ; Grazing ; Holocenes ; Palaeosol ; Agriculture ; Charcoal ; Fires ; Reforestation ; Vegetation ; Ecosystems ; alpine environment ; altitude ; charcoal ; ecological footprint ; functional group ; functional role ; grazing management ; Holocene ; paleoecology ; paleoenvironment ; paleosol ; pastoralism ; pasture ; pedology ; perception ; pollen ; reforestation ; Agriculture ; Charcoal ; Ecosystems ; Forest Fires ; Plants ; Reforestation ; China ; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
英文摘要: The age at which a human environment was made is strongly debated in Quaternary science. The perception of the human footprint requires an understanding of the contrast between the present cultural environment and the natural vegetation. This is especially true for high altitude ecosystems, such as the world's largest alpine ecosystem, the 450,000km2 of golf-course-like pastures dominating the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. This ecosystem is widely considered to be natural, but only because of the unawareness of the effects of grazing management and the incorrect assessment of human signals in palaeo proxies. Here we posit the hypothesis that this ecosystem is a human-induced replacement. To test our hypothesis against defined a priori criteria, we 1) monitored vegetation in grazing exclosures; 2) produced floristically complete vegetation records; 3) compared the vegetation records with data of the nearest climate stations; 4) surveyed forest and experimental reforestation trials with endemic tree species; 5) analyzed pollen and re-evaluated published pollen diagrams; and 6) integrated these results with palaeopedological and anthracological results of previous studies. The results of long-term grazing exclosure experiments, the prevalence of grazing-adapted plant functional types, the occurrence of isolated vigorous forests in "alpine" pastures, and the successful reforestation trials in presently treeless pastures together suggest that dominant pastures replaced forests in the montane belt and tall grassland in the alpine belt. The spatial and temporal coincidence of palaeosols and archaeological sites with tree species charcoal, the decline in forest pollen during the mid-Holocene climatic optimum, and the first appearance of human indicator pollen are most parsimoniously explained by the early presence of foragers and pastoralists. The onset of pastoralism in the Tibetan Highlands is presumed to date from the 8th millennium BP. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
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被引频次[WOS]:110   [查看WOS记录]     [查看WOS中相关记录]
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/60378
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作者单位: Faculty of Geography, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Deutschhausstrasse 10, D-35032 Marburg, Germany; Institute of Geography, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany; Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Geobotany, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, D-06108 Halle/Saale, Germany; TARL, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station R7500, Austin, TX 78712, United States; State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agri-ecosystem, College of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8, D-35043 Marburg, Germany

Recommended Citation:
Miehe G.,Miehe S.,Böhner J.,et al. How old is the human footprint in the world's largest alpine ecosystem? A review of multiproxy records from the Tibetan Plateau from the ecologists' viewpoint[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews,2014-01-01,86
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