DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.03.015
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84877134537
论文题名: Ice-age megafauna in Arctic Alaska: Extinction, invasion, survival
作者: Mann D.H. ; Groves P. ; Kunz M.L. ; Reanier R.E. ; Gaglioti B.V.
刊名: Quaternary Science Reviews
ISSN: 2773791
出版年: 2013
卷: 70 起始页码: 91
结束页码: 108
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Alaska
; Arctic
; Bones
; Climate change
; Extinction
; Horse
; Ice age
; Megafauna
; Peat
; Pleistocene
; Steppe bison
; Woolly mammoth
Scopus关键词: Alaska
; Arctic
; Horse
; Ice age
; Megafauna
; Pleistocene
; Steppe bison
; Woolly mammoths
; Animals
; Bone
; Climate change
; Glacial geology
; Isotopes
; Light extinction
; Moisture
; Peat
; Soils
; Loading
; biological invasion
; biomass
; bone
; climate variation
; mammal
; mass extinction
; moisture content
; paleoclimate
; paleontology
; paludification
; peat
; Pleistocene
; soil horizon
; steppe
; survival
; Alaska
; Arctic
; United States
; Animalia
; Bison
; Bison priscus
; Canidae
; Equidae
; Mammalia
; Mammuthus primigenius
; Ovibos moschatus moschatus
; Rangifer tarandus
; Ursus arctos
英文摘要: Radical restructuring of the terrestrial, large mammal fauna living in arctic Alaska occurred between 14,000 and 10,000 years ago at the end of the last ice age. Steppe bison, horse, and woolly mammoth became extinct, moose and humans invaded, while muskox and caribou persisted. The ice age megafauna was more diverse in species and possibly contained 6× more individual animals than live in the region today. Megafaunal biomass during the last ice age may have been 30× greater than present. Horse was the dominant species in terms of number of individuals. Lions, short-faced bears, wolves, and possibly grizzly bears comprised the predator/scavenger guild. The youngest mammoth so far discovered lived ca13,800 years ago, while horses and bison persisted on the North Slope until at least 12,500 years ago during the Younger Dryas cold interval. The first people arrived on the North Slope ca13,500 years ago. Bone-isotope measurements and foot-loading characteristics suggest megafaunal niches were segregated along a moisture gradient, with the surviving species (muskox and caribou) utilizing the warmer and moister portions of the vegetation mosaic. As the ice age ended, the moisture gradient shifted and eliminated habitats utilized by the dryland, grazing species (bison, horse, mammoth). The proximate cause for this change was regional paludification, the spread of organic soil horizons and peat. End-Pleistocene extinctions in arctic Alaska represent local, not global extinctions since the megafaunal species lost there persisted to later times elsewhere. Hunting seems unlikely as the cause of these extinctions, but it cannot be ruled out as the final blow to megafaunal populations that were already functionally extinct by the time humans arrived in the region. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/60651
Appears in Collections: 过去全球变化的重建
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作者单位: Geography Program, University of Alaska, 3352 College Road, Fairbanks, AK 99775, United States; Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, United States; Bureau of Land Management, 1150 University Avenue, Fairbanks, AK 99709, United States; Reanier and Associates Inc., 1215 SW 170th Street, Seattle, WA 98166, United States; Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508, United States; Water and Environmental Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99709, United States
Recommended Citation:
Mann D.H.,Groves P.,Kunz M.L.,et al. Ice-age megafauna in Arctic Alaska: Extinction, invasion, survival[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews,2013-01-01,70