DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13426
论文题名: Long-term nitrous oxide fluxes in annual and perennial agricultural and unmanaged ecosystems in the upper Midwest USA
作者: Gelfand I. ; Shcherbak I. ; Millar N. ; Kravchenko A.N. ; Robertson G.P.
刊名: Global Change Biology
ISSN: 13541013
出版年: 2016
卷: 22, 期: 11 起始页码: 3594
结束页码: 3607
语种: 英语
英文关键词: corn
; cover crops
; crop type
; forest
; nitrogen fertilizer
; no-till
; rotation phase
; soybean
; succession
; wheat
Scopus关键词: cover crop
; crop rotation
; fertilizer
; maize
; nitrogen
; nitrogen cycle
; nitrous oxide
; soil emission
; wheat
; Michigan
; United States
; Coniferophyta
; Glycine max
; Medicago sativa
; Triticum aestivum
; Zea mays
; nitrous oxide
; soil
; agriculture
; crop
; ecosystem
; Michigan
; soil
; Agriculture
; Crops, Agricultural
; Ecosystem
; Michigan
; Nitrous Oxide
; Soil
英文摘要: Differences in soil nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes among ecosystems are often difficult to evaluate and predict due to high spatial and temporal variabilities and few direct experimental comparisons. For 20 years, we measured N2O fluxes in 11 ecosystems in southwest Michigan USA: four annual grain crops (corn–soybean–wheat rotations) managed with conventional, no-till, reduced input, or biologically based/organic inputs; three perennial crops (alfalfa, poplar, and conifers); and four unmanaged ecosystems of different successional age including mature forest. Average N2O emissions were higher from annual grain and N-fixing cropping systems than from nonleguminous perennial cropping systems and were low across unmanaged ecosystems. Among annual cropping systems full-rotation fluxes were indistinguishable from one another but rotation phase mattered. For example, those systems with cover crops and reduced fertilizer N emitted more N2O during the corn and soybean phases, but during the wheat phase fluxes were ~40% lower. Likewise, no-till did not differ from conventional tillage over the entire rotation but reduced emissions ~20% in the wheat phase and increased emissions 30–80% in the corn and soybean phases. Greenhouse gas intensity for the annual crops (flux per unit yield) was lowest for soybeans produced under conventional management, while for the 11 other crop × management combinations intensities were similar to one another. Among the fertilized systems, emissions ranged from 0.30 to 1.33 kg N2O-N ha−1 yr−1 and were best predicted by IPCC Tier 1 and ΔEF emission factor approaches. Annual cumulative fluxes from perennial systems were best explained by soil (Formula presented.) pools (r2 = 0.72) but not so for annual crops, where management differences overrode simple correlations. Daily soil N2O emissions were poorly predicted by any measured variables. Overall, long-term measurements reveal lower fluxes in nonlegume perennial vegetation and, for conservatively fertilized annual crops, the overriding influence of rotation phase on annual fluxes. © 2016 The Authors. Global Change Biology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 资助项目: We thank S. Bohm, K.A. Kahmark, and S. VanderWulp for help with data assembly and C. McMinn, J. Simmons, and many others for field and laboratory assistance. Financial support for this work was provided by the US National Science Foundation LTER program (DEB 1027253), the DOE Office of Science (DE-FC02-07ER64494), and MSU AgBioResearch.
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/61258
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性
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作者单位: W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, United States; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
Recommended Citation:
Gelfand I.,Shcherbak I.,Millar N.,et al. Long-term nitrous oxide fluxes in annual and perennial agricultural and unmanaged ecosystems in the upper Midwest USA[J]. Global Change Biology,2016-01-01,22(11)