globalchange  > 影响、适应和脆弱性
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12481
论文题名:
African crop yield reductions due to increasingly unbalanced Nitrogen and Phosphorus consumption
作者: Van der Velde M.; Folberth C.; Balkovič J.; Ciais P.; Fritz S.; Janssens I.A.; Obersteiner M.; See L.; Skalský R.; Xiong W.; Peñuelas J.
刊名: Global Change Biology
ISSN: 13541013
出版年: 2014
卷: 20, 期:4
起始页码: 1278
结束页码: 1288
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Crop production ; Fertilizer ; Food security ; Nutrients ; Phosphate rock ; Resource use ; Stoichiometry
Scopus关键词: Arenosol ; crop yield ; fertilizer ; food security ; maize ; nitrogen ; nutrient ; phosphate rock ; phosphorus ; reduction ; resource use ; stoichiometry ; Africa ; Zea mays ; fertilizer ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; soil ; Africa ; chemistry ; crop ; drug effects ; growth, development and aging ; maize ; soil ; theoretical model ; Africa ; Crops, Agricultural ; Fertilizers ; Models, Theoretical ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Soil ; Zea mays
英文摘要: The impact of soil nutrient depletion on crop production has been known for decades, but robust assessments of the impact of increasingly unbalanced nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) application rates on crop production are lacking. Here, we use crop response functions based on 741 FAO maize crop trials and EPIC crop modeling across Africa to examine maize yield deficits resulting from unbalanced N : P applications under low, medium, and high input scenarios, for past (1975), current, and future N : P mass ratios of respectively, 1 : 0.29, 1 : 0.15, and 1 : 0.05. At low N inputs (10 kg ha-1), current yield deficits amount to 10% but will increase up to 27% under the assumed future N : P ratio, while at medium N inputs (50 kg N ha-1), future yield losses could amount to over 40%. The EPIC crop model was then used to simulate maize yields across Africa. The model results showed relative median future yield reductions at low N inputs of 40%, and 50% at medium and high inputs, albeit with large spatial variability. Dominant low-quality soils such as Ferralsols, which are strongly adsorbing P, and Arenosols with a low nutrient retention capacity, are associated with a strong yield decline, although Arenosols show very variable crop yield losses at low inputs. Optimal N : P ratios, i.e. those where the lowest amount of applied P produces the highest yield (given N input) where calculated with EPIC to be as low as 1 : 0.5. Finally, we estimated the additional P required given current N inputs, and given N inputs that would allow Africa to close yield gaps (ca. 70%). At current N inputs, P consumption would have to increase 2.3-fold to be optimal, and to increase 11.7-fold to close yield gaps. The P demand to overcome these yield deficits would provide a significant additional pressure on current global extraction of P resources. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/61950
Appears in Collections:影响、适应和脆弱性

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作者单位: Ecosystems Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg A-2361, Austria; Systems Analysis Integrated Assessment and Modelling, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Ueberlandstr. 133, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland; Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava 842 15, Slovakia; Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk B-2610, Belgium; Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-UAB, CSIC, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Catalonia 08193, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Catalonia 08193, Spain; European Commission, DG Joint Research Centre, I-21020, Ispra, VA, Italy

Recommended Citation:
Van der Velde M.,Folberth C.,Balkovič J.,et al. African crop yield reductions due to increasingly unbalanced Nitrogen and Phosphorus consumption[J]. Global Change Biology,2014-01-01,20(4)
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