globalchange  > 影响、适应和脆弱性
DOI: 10.1002/2016JD025445
论文题名:
Production mechanisms of leptons, photons, and hadrons and their possible feedback close to lightning leaders
作者: Köhn C.; Diniz G.; Harakeh M.N.
刊名: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
出版年: 2017
卷: 122, 期:2
起始页码: 1365
结束页码: 1383
语种: 英语
英文关键词: cross-section analysis ; feedback model ; Monte Carlo simulation ; neutron beam ; positron beam ; terrestrial gamma-ray flash
Scopus关键词: absorption ; atmospheric dynamics ; cross section ; feedback mechanism ; gamma ray radiation ; ion exchange ; kinetic energy ; lightning ; Monte Carlo analysis ; thundercloud
英文摘要: It has been discussed that lightning flashes emit high-energy electrons, positrons, photons, and neutrons with single energies of several tens of MeV. In the first part of this paper we study the absorption of neutron beams in the atmosphere. We initiate neutron beams of initial energies of 350 keV, 10 MeV, and 20 MeV at source altitudes of 4 km and 16 km upward and downward and see that in all these cases neutrons reach ground altitudes and that the cross-section areas extend to several km2. We estimate that for terrestrial gamma-ray flashes approximately between 10 and 2000 neutrons per ms and m2 are possibly detectable at ground, at 6 km, or at 500 km altitude. In the second part of the paper we discuss a feedback model involving the generation and motion of electrons, positrons, neutrons, protons, and photons close to the vicinity of lightning leaders. In contrast to other feedback models, we do not consider large-scale thundercloud fields but enhanced fields of lightning leaders. We launch different photon and electron beams upward at 4 km altitude. We present the spatial and energy distribution of leptons, hadrons, and photons after different times and see that leptons, hadrons, and photons with energies of at least 40 MeV are produced. Because of their high rest mass hadrons are measurable on a longer time scale than leptons and photons. The feedback mechanism together with the field enhancement by lightning leaders yields particle energies even above 40 MeV measurable at satellite altitudes. ©2017. The Authors.
资助项目: 609405"This work was supported by the European Science Foundation research networking project “Thunderstorm Effects on the Atmosphere-Ionosphere System” (TEA-IS). We thank Ute Ebert, Olaf Scholten, and Fernanda São Sabbas for helpful discussions. C.K. acknowledges financial support by STW-project 10757, where Stichting Technische Wetenschappen (STW) is part of The Netherlands' Organization for Scientific Research NWO. The research leading to these results has received funding from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under REA grant agreement 609405 (COFUNDPostdocDTU). G.D. acknowledges financial support by Brazilian institutions CAPES and CNPq. The simulation code can be obtained from C.K. (koehn@space.dtu.dk) and will soon be published on the web.
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/62746
Appears in Collections:影响、适应和脆弱性
气候减缓与适应

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作者单位: DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; Center for Mathematics and Computer Science, CWI, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, Brazil; Instituto de Física, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

Recommended Citation:
Köhn C.,Diniz G.,Harakeh M.N.. Production mechanisms of leptons, photons, and hadrons and their possible feedback close to lightning leaders[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres,2017-01-01,122(2)
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