DOI: 10.1002/2013JD021291
论文题名: Bidirectional leader development in sprite-producing positive cloud-to-ground flashes: Origins and characteristics of positive and negative leaders
作者: Van Der Velde O.A. ; Montanyà J. ; Soula S. ; Pineda N. ; Mlynarczyk J.
刊名: Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres
ISSN: 2169897X
出版年: 2014
卷: 119, 期: 22 起始页码: 12755
结束页码: 12779
语种: 英语
英文关键词: bidirectional
; leaders
; lightning
; propagation
; sprites
; thunderstorms
Scopus关键词: altitude
; bidirectional reflectance
; climate modeling
; cloud to ground lightning
; coastal zone
; mapping
; velocity profile
; Spain
; Daucus carota
英文摘要: Thirty-five sprite-producing lightning flashes were recorded in nine nights in different seasons at the east coast of Spain with a 3D Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) since July 2011. A low-frequency time-of-arrival network provided data on emissions from return strokes and intracloud processes and a very-high-frequency interferometer network produced complementary lightning data. This study analyzes the bidirectional development of flashes in order to understand the positioning and timing of the positive cloud-to-ground stroke (+CG) and its consequences for charge neutralization by negative leaders, affecting sprite morphology. A summary of negative leader extents, altitudes, and speeds before and after the + CG stroke is provided, as well as positive leader origins and inferred speeds. Negative leader speeds exhibited modes at 105 and 5 × 105 m s-1. Five examples with different evolutions are discussed: (1) Slow bidirectional development with negative leader termination before the + CG stroke; (2) Fast bidirectional development with the negative leader continuing after the + CG stroke. (3) Slow-fast bidirectional development with a negative leader exhibiting a sudden lowering and speed increase; (4) Fast secondary bidirectional development from an in-cloud horizontal positive leader. Negative leaders propagated rapidly into the upper positive charge layer, continuing after the + CG stroke; (5) Slow bidirectional development with a long negative leader (50 km) subject to cutoff while the original positive leader remained trapped inside negative charge. A + CG stroke subsequently occurred under the old negative leader channel. Carrot sprites tended to be associated with fast extending leaders after the stroke, columniform/mixed sprites with slower side branches. ©2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/63035
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性 气候减缓与适应
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作者单位: Lightning Research Group, Electrical Engineering Department, Technical University of Catalonia, Terrassa, Spain; Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Meteorological Service of Catalonia (SMC), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
Recommended Citation:
Van Der Velde O.A.,Montanyà J.,Soula S.,et al. Bidirectional leader development in sprite-producing positive cloud-to-ground flashes: Origins and characteristics of positive and negative leaders[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2014-01-01,119(22)