DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50831
论文题名: Extending water vapor trend observations over Boulder into the tropopause region: Trend uncertainties and resulting radiative forcing
作者: Kunz A. ; Müller R. ; Homonnai V. ; Jánosi I.M. ; Hurst D. ; Rap A. ; Forster P.M. ; Rohrer F. ; Spelten N. ; Riese M.
刊名: Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres
ISSN: 21698996
出版年: 2013
卷: 118, 期: 19 起始页码: 11269
结束页码: 11284
语种: 英语
英文关键词: radiative forcing
; tropopause region
; water vapor trend
Scopus关键词: Atmospheric radiation
; Clouds
; Tropical engineering
; Tropics
; Uncertainty analysis
; Brewer-Dobson circulation
; Changing dynamics
; Lower stratosphere
; Radiative effects
; Radiative forcings
; Relative coordinates
; Tropopause region
; Upper troposphere
; Water vapor
; air mass
; altitude
; extratropical environment
; latitude
; measurement method
; observational method
; radiative forcing
; stratosphere
; tropopause
; upper atmosphere
; water vapor
英文摘要: Thirty years of balloon-borne measurements over Boulder (40°N,105°W) are used to investigate the water vapor trend in the tropopause region. This analysis extends previously published trends, usually focusing on altitudes greater than 16 km, to lower altitudes. Two new concepts are applied: (1) Trends are presented in a thermal tropopause (TP) relative coordinate system from -2 km below to 10 km above the TP, and (2) sonde profiles are selected according to TP height. Tropical (TPz >14km), extratropical (TPz <12km), and transitional air mass types (12kmz<14km) reveal three different water vapor reservoirs. The analysis based on these concepts reduces the dynamically induced water vapor variability at the TP and principally favors refined water vapor trend studies in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Nonetheless, this study shows how uncertain trends are at altitudes -2 to +4 km around the TP. This uncertainty in turn has an influence on the uncertainty and interpretation of water vapor radiative effects at the TP, which are locally estimated for the 30 year period to be of uncertain sign. The much discussed decrease in water vapor at the beginning of 2001 is not detectable between -2 and 2 km around the TP. On lower stratospheric isentropes, the water vapor change at the beginning of 2001 is more intense for extratropical than for tropical air mass types. This suggests a possible link with changing dynamics above the jet stream such as changes in the shallow branch of the Brewer-Dobson circulation. Key Points Boulder H2O trends (1981-2011) are extended to the tropopause region Trend analysis considers three H2O reservoirs (tropics vs. mid-latitudes) H2O at the tropopause as major uncertainty for radiative forcing assessment ©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. 资助项目: NE/G005109/1
; NE/J004723/1
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/63235
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性 气候减缓与适应
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作者单位: Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung: Stratosphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, CHN M 14, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder CO, United States; Global Monitoring Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder CO, United States; School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung: Troposphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
Recommended Citation:
Kunz A.,Müller R.,Homonnai V.,et al. Extending water vapor trend observations over Boulder into the tropopause region: Trend uncertainties and resulting radiative forcing[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2013-01-01,118(19)