DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50808
论文题名: Exploring the faint young Sun problem and the possible climates of the Archean Earth with a 3-D GCM
作者: Charnay B. ; Forget F. ; Wordsworth R. ; Leconte J. ; Millour E. ; Codron F. ; Spiga A.
刊名: Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres
ISSN: 21698996
出版年: 2013
卷: 118, 期: 18 起始页码: 10414
结束页码: 10431
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Archean
; early Earth
; paleo-climates
Scopus关键词: Atmospheric movements
; Atmospheric pressure
; Atmospheric temperature
; Drops
; Gallium
; Glacial geology
; Greenhouse gases
; Methane
; Archean
; Early Earth
; Earth's rotation
; Faint young sun problems
; Global climate model
; paleo-climates
; Surface temperatures
; Temperate climate
; Carbon dioxide
; albedo
; Archean
; atmospheric convection
; atmospheric pressure
; climate change
; climate modeling
; cloud
; Earth rotation
; glaciation
; global climate
; greenhouse gas
; oceanic current
英文摘要: Different solutions have been proposed to solve the "faint young Sun problem," defined by the fact that the Earth was not fully frozen during the Archean despite the fainter Sun. Most previous studies were performed with simple 1-D radiative convective models and did not account well for the clouds and ice-albedo feedback or the atmospheric and oceanic transport of energy. We apply a global climate model (GCM) to test the different solutions to the faint young Sun problem. We explore the effect of greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4 ), atmospheric pressure, cloud droplet size, land distribution, and Earth's rotation rate. We show that neglecting organic haze, 100 mbar of CO2 with 2 mbar of CH4 at 3.8 Ga and 10 mbar of CO 2 with 2 mbar of CH4 at 2.5 Ga allow a temperate climate (mean surface temperature between 10°C and 20°C). Such amounts of greenhouse gases remain consistent with the geological data. Removing continents produces a warming lower than +4°C. The effect of rotation rate is even more limited. Larger droplets (radii of 17 μm versus 12 μm) and a doubling of the atmospheric pressure produce a similar warming of around +7°C. In our model, ice-free water belts can be maintained up to 25°N/S with less than 1 mbar of CO2 and no methane. An interesting cloud feedback appears above cold oceans, stopping the glaciation. Such a resistance against full glaciation tends to strongly mitigate the faint young Sun problem. Key PointsNew constraints on the amount of greenhouse gases to get a temperate climateWaterbelt can be maintained with less than 1 mbar of CO2 and no methaneThe effects of larger cloud droplets and a higher pressure are quantified ©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/63301
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性 气候减缓与适应
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作者单位: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, FR-75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
Recommended Citation:
Charnay B.,Forget F.,Wordsworth R.,et al. Exploring the faint young Sun problem and the possible climates of the Archean Earth with a 3-D GCM[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2013-01-01,118(18)