DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50556
论文题名: Ice nucleation properties of rust and bunt fungal spores and their transport to high altitudes, where they can cause heterogeneous freezing
作者: Haga D.I. ; Iannone R. ; Wheeler M.J. ; Mason R. ; Polishchuk E.A. ; Fetch Jr. T. ; Van Der Kamp B.J. ; McKendry I.G. ; Bertram A.K.
刊名: Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres
ISSN: 21698996
出版年: 2013
卷: 118, 期: 13 起始页码: 7260
结束页码: 7272
语种: 英语
英文关键词: aerosol
; biological ice nuclei
; fungal spore
; ice nucleation
; immersion freezing
; long range transport
Scopus关键词: Aerosols
; Atmospheric movements
; Fungi
; Nucleation
; Fungal spores
; Ice nucleation
; Ice nuclei
; Immersion freezing
; Long range transport
; Ice
; aerosol
; altitude
; freezing
; fungus
; heterogeneity
; long range transport
; nucleation
; numerical model
; precipitation (climatology)
; spore
; United States
; Endocronartium
; Puccinia allii
; Puccinia graminis
; Puccinia triticina
; Tilletia caries
; Tilletia laevis
英文摘要: Rust and bunt spores that act as ice nuclei (IN) could change the formation characteristics and properties of ice-containing clouds. In addition, ice nucleation on rust and bunt spores, followed by precipitation, may be an important removal mechanism of these spores from the atmosphere. Using an optical microscope, we studied the ice nucleation properties of spores from four rust species (Puccinia graminis, Puccinia triticina, Puccinia allii, and Endocronartium harknesssii) and two bunt species (Tilletia laevis and Tilletia tritici) immersed in water droplets. We show that the cumulative number of IN per spore is 5 × 10-3, 0.01, and 0.10 at temperatures of roughly -24°C, -25°C, and -28°C, respectively. Using a particle dispersion model, we also investigated if these rust and bunt spores will reach high altitudes in the atmosphere where they can cause heterogeneous freezing. Simulations suggest that after 3 days and during periods of high spore production, between 6 and 9% of 15 μm particles released over agricultural regions in Kansas (U.S.), North Dakota (U.S.), Saskatchewan (Canada), and Manitoba (Canada) can reach at least 6 km in altitude. An altitude of 6 km corresponds to a temperature of roughly -25°C for the sites chosen. The combined results suggest that (a) ice nucleation by these fungal spores could play a role in the removal of these particles from the atmosphere and (b) ice nucleation by these rust and bunt spores are unlikely to compete with mineral dust on a global and annual scale at an altitude of approximately 6 km. Key Points Rust and bunt spores act as heterogeneous ice nuclei ©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/63571
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性 气候减缓与适应
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作者单位: Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada; SNC-Lavalin Environment, Burnaby, BC, Canada; Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Recommended Citation:
Haga D.I.,Iannone R.,Wheeler M.J.,et al. Ice nucleation properties of rust and bunt fungal spores and their transport to high altitudes, where they can cause heterogeneous freezing[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2013-01-01,118(13)