DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50459
论文题名: Coordinated observations of sprites and in-cloud lightning flash structure
作者: Lu G. ; Cummer S.A. ; Li J. ; Zigoneanu L. ; Lyons W.A. ; Stanley M.A. ; Rison W. ; Krehbiel P.R. ; Edens H.E. ; Thomas R.J. ; Beasley W.H. ; Weiss S.A. ; Blakeslee R.J. ; Bruning E.C. ; MacGorman D.R. ; Meyer T.C. ; Palivec K. ; Ashcraft T. ; Samaras T.
刊名: Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres
ISSN: 21698996
出版年: 2013
卷: 118, 期: 12 起始页码: 6607
结束页码: 6632
语种: 英语
英文关键词: in-cloud lightning structure
; lightning charge transfer
; Lightning Mapping Array
; mesoscale convective system
; red sprite
Scopus关键词: Geometry
; Lightning protection
; Sea level
; Storms
; Lightning charges
; Lightning mapping array
; Mesoscale Convective System
; Red sprite
; Clouds
; array
; cloud
; convective system
; correlation
; freezing
; lightning
; observational method
; spatiotemporal analysis
; sprite
; three-dimensional modeling
; Bennett County
; Oklahoma [United States]
; South Dakota
; United States
英文摘要: The temporal and spatial development of sprite-producing lightning flashes is examined with coordinated observations over an asymmetric mesoscale convective system (MCS) on 29 June 2011 near the Oklahoma Lightning Mapping Array (LMA). Sprites produced by a total of 26 lightning flashes were observed simultaneously on video from Bennett, Colorado and Hawley, Texas, enabling a triangulation of sprites in comparison with temporal development of parent lightning (in particular, negatively charged stepped leaders) in three-dimensional space. In general, prompt sprites produced within 20 ms after the causative stroke are less horizontally displaced (typically <30 km) from the ground stroke than delayed sprites, which usually occur over 40 ms after the stroke with significant lateral offsets (>30 km). However, both prompt and delayed sprites are usually centered within 30 km of the geometric center of relevant LMA sources (with affinity to negative stepped leaders) during the prior 100 ms interval. Multiple sprites appearing as dancing/jumping events associated with a single lightning flash could be produced either by distinct strokes of the flash, by a single stroke through a series of current surges superposed on an intense continuing current, or by both. Our observations imply that sprites elongated in one direction are sometimes linked to in-cloud leader structure with the same elongation, and sprites that were more symmetric were produced above the progression of multiple negative leaders. This suggests that the large-scale structure of sprites could be affected by the in-cloud geometry of positive charge removal. Based on an expanded dataset of 39 sprite-parent flashes by including more sprites recorded by one single camera over the same MCS, the altitude (above mean sea level, MSL) of positively charged cloud region tapped by sprite-producing strokes declined gradually from ~10 km MSL (-35°C) to around 6 km MSL (-10°C) as the MCS evolved through the mature stage. On average, the positive charge removal by causative strokes of sprites observed on 29 June is centered at 3.6 km above the freezing level or at 7.9 km above ground level. Key Points Triangulated sprites with lightning structure shown by the LMA. Spatial correlation between sprite, parent stroke, and in-cloud negative leader. Significant variation of positive charge reservoir for sprite production. © 2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/63629
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性 气候减缓与适应
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作者单位: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, United States; FMA Research Inc., Fort Collins, CO, United States; Langmuir Laboratory, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, United States; School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States; Marshall Space Flight Center, NASA, Huntsville, AL, United States; Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States; National Severe Storm Laboratory, Norman, OK, United States; Warning Decision Training Branch, National Weather Service, Norman, OK, United States; Heliotown Observatory, Lamy, NM, United States; Samaras Technologies, Bennett, CO, United States
Recommended Citation:
Lu G.,Cummer S.A.,Li J.,et al. Coordinated observations of sprites and in-cloud lightning flash structure[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2013-01-01,118(12)