DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50381
论文题名: On the potential high acid deposition in northeastern China
作者: Cao J. ; Tie X. ; Dabberdt W.F. ; Jie T. ; Zhao Z. ; An Z. ; Shen Z. ; Feng Y.
刊名: Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres
ISSN: 21698996
出版年: 2013
卷: 118, 期: 10 起始页码: 4834
结束页码: 4846
语种: 英语
英文关键词: acid deposition
; aerosols
; Northeastern China
Scopus关键词: Acid rain
; Aerosols
; Air pollution
; Alkalinity
; Calcium
; Chemical analysis
; Deposition
; Ions
; Measurements
; pH
; Spectrometers
; Storms
; Sulfur dioxide
; Acid deposition
; Ambient concentrations
; Chemical transport models
; Northeastern China
; Satellite observations
; Scanning imaging absorption spectrometer for atmospheric chartography
; Sulfate concentrations
; Unintended consequences
; Acidity
; acid deposition
; acid rain
; acidity
; dust
; field survey
; ozone
; pH
; sampling
; satellite data
; satellite mission
; sulfate
; summer
; winter
; China
英文摘要: There is an acid deposition conundrum in China: contrary to conventional wisdom, extremely high ambient sulfate concentrations in northeastern China are not always accompanied by correspondingly high acidities. To investigate this discrepancy, data from two independent sets of in situ field measurements were analyzed along with Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) satellite observations and Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers (MOZART) chemical transport model calculations. The field measurements included soluble aerosol ion concentrations and pH and particulate data from 11 cities, as well as pH measurement data from 74 sites in China. This study explores the basis for and the impacts of the large discrepancy in northeastern China between the major acidity precursors (SO2 and NOx) and measured acidity levels as indicated by pH values. There are extremely high SO2 emissions and ambient concentrations in northeastern China, while the corresponding acidity is unusually low (high pH) in this region. This is inconsistent with the usual situation where high-acidity precursor pollutants result in low pH (high acidity) values and acid rain conditions. In other regions, such as southern China and the United States, high SO2 concentrations are typically well correlated with high acidities. Using measured soluble particle measurements (including both positively and negatively charged ions), it is seen that there are high values of alkaline ions in northeastern China that play an important role in neutralizing acidity in this region. This result strongly suggests that the high alkaline concentrations, especially Ca2+, increase warm season pH values by about 0.5 in northern China, partially explaining the inconsistency between sulfate concentrations and acidity. This has a very important implication for acid rain mitigation-especially in northeastern China. However, there are additional issues pertaining to the precursor-acidity relationship that need further investigation. Why is it that the reduction in acidity due to the alkaline ions is only significant in summer? During winter, the measured alkaline ions play a much smaller role in explaining the discrepancy. The measured alkaline ions in this study were mostly obtained from particles in the PM2.5 range. However, the size of calcium particles is typically much larger-extending well beyond 2.5 μm-and so a significant amount of calcium may be underestimated by PM2.5 measurements alone. The under-sampling of calcium particles is further exacerbated in that the sampling protocol excluded particle (and soluble ion and pH) measurements during dust storms. This all leads to the need for an improved understanding of pollutant-ion-particulate interactions in China, and their role in explaining the counter-intuitive conclusion that dust mitigation strategies in China could have the unintended consequence of exacerbating acid rain conditions. Key Points There is an acid rain conundrum in China.satellite observations and MOZART chemical transport model calculations.Two field measurements in China were studied. ©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. 资助项目: 41230641
; 41275168
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/63727
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性 气候减缓与适应
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作者单位: Key Laboratory of Aerosol Science and Technology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xian, China; National Center for Atmospheric Research, PO BOX 3000, Boulder, CO 80303, United States; Vaisala Inc., Boulder CO, United States; Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Xian, China; Xi'An Jiaotong University, Xian, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory, Nankai University, China
Recommended Citation:
Cao J.,Tie X.,Dabberdt W.F.,et al. On the potential high acid deposition in northeastern China[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2013-01-01,118(10)