DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.09.032
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84989233314
论文题名: Drivers of emerging fungal diseases of forest trees
作者: Ghelardini L. ; Pepori A.L. ; Luchi N. ; Capretti P. ; Santini A.
刊名: Forest Ecology and Management
ISSN: 0378-1127
出版年: 2016
卷: 381 起始页码: 235
结束页码: 246
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Biological invasions
; Climate change
; Cryptic infections
; Disease emergence
; Fungal forest pathogens
; Fungal hybridization
; Host shift
; Insect-fungal association
; Latent infections
; Plant EIDs
; Planted forests
Scopus关键词: Climate change
; Commerce
; Forestry
; Fungi
; Gene transfer
; International trade
; Biological invasion
; Cryptic infection
; Forest pathogens
; Fungal hybridization
; Host shift
; Latent infections
; Plant EIDs
; Planted forests
; Pathogens
; biological invasion
; climate change
; crypsis
; disease spread
; disease transmission
; disease vector
; endophyte
; fitness
; fungal disease
; gene transfer
; host plant
; host range
; host-pathogen interaction
; human activity
; hybridization
; infectious disease
; life history trait
; pathogenicity
; plantation forestry
; range expansion
; virulence
; Agave americana
; Hexapoda
英文摘要: In order to prevent emerging infective diseases (EIDs), which increasingly threaten trees of agro-forest and urban ecosystems, a thorough understanding of the factors causing them is necessary. In this paper we reviewed the current knowledge about the changes in the interplay between environment (with its components climate and human activity), pathogens and host plants that drive fungal EIDs of forest trees. We described seven groups of drivers that may be involved individually or together, at once or successively, in the emergence of an infective disease, and we illustrated them by examples. In the past century plant EIDs mostly resulted from the introduction of alien pathogens to new geographic areas as a consequence of international trade (i). However, other factors also played an important role, as for instance climate change (ii), which acts as a strong evolutionary force potentially enhancing the fitness or driving the expansion of the distribution range of pathogens, and/or weakening host plants i.e. predisposing them to infection. Global trade made geographically isolated pathogens spread beyond their natural range and hybridize with related species. Hybridization (iii) between previously isolated fungal pathogens has driven the emergence of new organisms with different and/or wider host range than the parental species. In some cases EIDs were caused by a hypervirulent strain of a known pathogen or by a completely new species, whose origin is still unclear (iv), which might be due to the development of novel traits or the acquisition of virulence from other species through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). The sudden appearance of unforeseen diseases may be driven by cryptic disease agents, i.e. microorganisms indistinguishable from known species except for unapparent traits involved in pathogenesis, by pathogens with an extended latency period, or by endophytes capable of turning into pathogens after environment changes (v). New associations between introduced insect vectors and native tree pathogens (vi), or vice versa, may result into more efficient transmission and extended host- or geographic range of pathogens. The global use of intensively managed forest plantations (vii) of non-native trees or of a small number of clones of the same species over huge areas has increased the attacks by pathogens, which were accidentally introduced and/or adapted to new hosts. While the idea of totally preventing new EIDs appears unrealistic, it may be possible to reduce their occurrence, and the related damages and costs, by managing the drivers of disease emergence. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/64670
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性
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作者单位: Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council C.N.R., Via Madonna del Piano10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente DiSPAA, Università di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, Firenze, Italy
Recommended Citation:
Ghelardini L.,Pepori A.L.,Luchi N.,et al. Drivers of emerging fungal diseases of forest trees[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2016-01-01,381