DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.07.021
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84883037011
论文题名: Level and pattern of overstory retention influence rates and forms of tree mortality in mature, coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest, USA
作者: Urgenson L.S. ; Halpern C.B. ; Anderson P.D.
刊名: Forest Ecology and Management
ISSN: 0378-1127
出版年: 2013
卷: 308 起始页码: 116
结束页码: 127
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Aggregated retention
; Dispersed retention
; Pseudotsuga menziesii
; Structural retention
; Tree death
; Windthrow
Scopus关键词: Aggregated retention
; Dispersed retention
; Pseudotsuga menziesii
; Structural retention
; Tree death
; Windthrows
; Aggregates
; Forestry
; Harvesting
; Population statistics
; coniferous forest
; forest ecosystem
; forest management
; harvesting
; maturation
; mortality
; overstory
; stem
; windthrow
; Aggregate
; Biological Populations
; Forestry
; Harvesting
; Pseudotsuga Menziesii
; Retention
; Structural Analysis
; Oregon
; Pacific Northwest
; United States
; Washington [United States]
英文摘要: Mortality of retained trees can compromise the ecological objectives of variable-retention harvest. We used a large-scale experiment replicated at six locations in western Washington and Oregon to examine the influences of retention level (40% vs. 15% of original basal area) and its spatial pattern (aggregated vs. dispersed) on the rate and form of tree mortality for 11-12. years following harvest. Cumulative mortality of conifers was greater at lower levels of retention and in dispersed treatments-a result common to most seral groups and canopy strata. The greatest losses, averaging 18% of stems, occurred at low levels of dispersed retention. Mortality peaked in the first year in dispersed treatments and at low levels of aggregated retention, then rates declined to levels comparable to the controls (~0.8% of stems/year). Harvest-related bole damage-common in the dispersed treatments-did not increase risk of mortality. Standing dead accounted for most mortality at greater levels of retention, but uprooting was nearly as common at lower retention-particularly in dispersed treatments. Forest aggregates (1. ha in size) did not exhibit greater overall mortality than controls. In fact, at 40% retention, mortality rates were reduced in the aggregates due to greater survival of late-seral and suppressed stems, presumably a response to edge creation and increased resource supply. Although cumulative mortality was no higher at 15% retention, larger harvest-unit openings and greater exposure of aggregates resulted in greater uprooting among dead trees. Current standards and guidelines for retention harvests on federal lands in the Pacific Northwest require a minimum of 15% retention within each harvest unit, with 70% of this distributed in aggregates of ≥0.2. ha. Our results suggest that these minimum standards lead to greater risk of tree mortality in dispersed settings and to elevated rates of uprooting regardless of pattern, potentially compromising the objectives of live-tree retention. However, with larger (1-ha) aggregates and moderate levels of retention, managers have considerable flexibility in implementing variable retention without risk of excessive mortality. © 2013 . Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/66361
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性
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作者单位: School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
Recommended Citation:
Urgenson L.S.,Halpern C.B.,Anderson P.D.. Level and pattern of overstory retention influence rates and forms of tree mortality in mature, coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest, USA[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2013-01-01,308