DOI: 10.5194/tc-11-2611-2017
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85032986042
论文题名: Quantifying bioalbedo: A new physically based model and discussion of empirical methods for characterising biological influence on ice and snow albedo
作者: Cook J ; M ; , Hodson A ; J ; , Gardner A ; S ; , Flanner M ; , Tedstone A ; J ; , Williamson C ; , Irvine-Fynn T ; D ; L ; , Nilsson J ; , Bryant R ; , Tranter M
刊名: Cryosphere
ISSN: 19940416
出版年: 2017
卷: 11, 期: 6 起始页码: 2611
结束页码: 2632
语种: 英语
英文关键词: albedo
; anisotropy
; biomass
; climate change
; empirical analysis
; energy balance
; experimental design
; ice
; irradiance
; model
; quantitative analysis
; reflectance
; snow
; surface energy
; vertical distribution
英文摘要: The darkening effects of biological impurities on ice and snow have been recognised as a control on the surface energy balance of terrestrial snow, sea ice, glaciers and ice sheets. With a heightened interest in understanding the impacts of a changing climate on snow and ice processes, quantifying the impact of biological impurities on ice and snow albedo (bioalbedo ) and its evolution through time is a rapidly growing field of research. However, rigorous quantification of bioalbedo has remained elusive because of difficulties in isolating the biological contribution to ice albedo from that of inorganic impurities and the variable optical properties of the ice itself. For this reason, isolation of the biological signature in reflectance data obtained from aerial/orbital platforms has not been achieved, even when ground-based biological measurements have been available. This paper provides the cell-specific optical properties that are required to model the spectral signatures and broadband darkening of ice. Applying radiative transfer theory, these properties provide the physical basis needed to link biological and glaciological ground measurements with remotely sensed reflectance data. Using these new capabilities we confirm that biological impurities can influence ice albedo, then we identify 10 challenges to the measurement of bioalbedo in the field with the aim of improving future experimental designs to better quantify bioalbedo feedbacks. These challenges are (1) ambiguity in terminology, (2) characterising snow or ice optical properties, (3) characterising solar irradiance, (4) determining optical properties of cells, (5) measuring biomass, (6) characterising vertical distribution of cells, (7) characterising abiotic impurities, (8) surface anisotropy, (9) measuring indirect albedo feedbacks, and (10) measurement and instrument configurations. This paper aims to provide a broad audience of glaciologists and biologists with an overview of radiative transfer and albedo that could support future experimental design. © 2017 Author(s). Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/75477
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Winter Street, Sheffield, United Kingdom; College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby, United Kingdom; University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Svalbard, Norway; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States; Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Centre for Glaciology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Centre for Glaciology, Aberystwyth University, United Kingdom
Recommended Citation:
Cook J,M,, Hodson A,et al. Quantifying bioalbedo: A new physically based model and discussion of empirical methods for characterising biological influence on ice and snow albedo[J]. Cryosphere,2017-01-01,11(6)