DOI: 10.1002/2016MS000804
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85010723113
论文题名: Large-eddy simulation of subtropical cloud-topped boundary layers: 2. Cloud response to climate change
作者: Tan Z ; , Schneider T ; , Teixeira J ; , Pressel K ; G
刊名: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
ISSN: 19422466
出版年: 2017
卷: 9, 期: 1 起始页码: 19
结束页码: 38
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Atmospheric temperature
; Boundary layers
; Carbon dioxide
; Climate change
; Clouds
; Energy balance
; Heat flux
; Interfacial energy
; Oceanography
; Surface waters
; Troposphere
; Boundary layer clouds
; Cloud radiative effects
; Cloud-topped boundary layer
; Marine boundary layers
; Sea surface temperature (SST)
; Stratocumulus clouds
; Stratocumulus to cumulus transition
; Surface latent heat fluxes
; Large eddy simulation
; boundary layer
; carbon dioxide
; climate change
; cloud radiative forcing
; concentration (composition)
; energy balance
; large eddy simulation
; latent heat flux
; sea surface temperature
; stratocumulus
; subtropical convergence
英文摘要: How subtropical marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds respond to warming is investigated using large-eddy simulations (LES) of a wide range of warmer climates, with CO2 concentrations elevated by factors 2–16. In LES coupled to a slab ocean with interactive sea surface temperatures (SST), the surface latent heat flux (LHF) is constrained by the surface energy balance and only strengthens modestly under warming. Consequently, the MBL in warmer climates is shallower than in corresponding fixed-SST LES, in which LHF strengthens excessively and the MBL typically deepens. The inferred shortwave (SW) cloud feedback with a closed energy balance is weakly positive for cumulus clouds. It is more strongly positive for stratocumulus clouds, with a magnitude that increases with warming. Stratocumulus clouds generally break up above 6 K to 9 K warming, or above a four to eightfold increase in CO2 concentrations. This occurs because the MBL mixing driven by cloud-top longwave (LW) cooling weakens as the LW opacity of the free troposphere increases. The stratocumulus breakup triggers an abrupt and large SST increase and MBL deepening, which cannot occur in fixed-SST experiments. SW cloud radiative effects generally weaken while the lower-tropospheric stability increases under warming—the reverse of their empirical relation in the present climate. The MBL is deeper and stratocumulus persists into warmer climates if large-scale subsidence decreases as the climate warms. The contrasts between experiments with interactive SST and fixed SST highlight the importance of a closed surface energy balance for obtaining realizable responses of MBL clouds to warming. © 2016. The Authors. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/75830
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Department of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States
Recommended Citation:
Tan Z,, Schneider T,, Teixeira J,et al. Large-eddy simulation of subtropical cloud-topped boundary layers: 2. Cloud response to climate change[J]. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems,2017-01-01,9(1)